Chapter 2. Accessing Your System
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## Chapter 2. Accessing Your System

An IRIS workstation requires that you log in to identify yourself as a user, log out to signal that you are finished using the workstation, and use a “System Shutdown” command before turning off the workstation.

This chapter contains the following sections:

- “Using Your Workstation”

- “Using Existing Login Accounts”

- “Why Create a Login Account?”

- “Logging In”

- “Logging In to Another System”

- “Logging Out”

- “Turning Off Your Workstation”

## Using Your Workstation

Identifying yourself as a user—logging in—is the first step you take to begin using your workstation. Creating your own login account is the second step. Initially, you can log in using one of the default login accounts. See “Using Existing Login Accounts” to learn why you should limit your use of these accounts; see “Why Create a Login Account?” to learn about the benefits of having your own login account.

See “Creating a User Login Account” in the Personal System Administration Guide to learn how to create your account.

## Using Existing Login Accounts

When you first turn on the system, you see icons for several existing accounts. Here's a brief description of four existing login accounts and their use:

guest account |  | The guest account lets you log in when you don't yet have your own account. It also allows other people to log in to your workstation and copy and view certain files.
OutOfBox account |  | If you have an Indy[tm] workstation, you are automatically logged in to the OutOfBox account when you turn on your system for the first time. It takes you on a visual journey, during which movies, audio, and graphics help you explore the capabilities of your system. If you do not have an Indy workstation, you do not see this login account.
root account |  | The root account is for the administrator of the workstation. The root account gives the administrator special permissions and access to utilities that are not available to ordinary users. For example, when you are logged in as root, you can delete any file, regardless of who owns the file. Unless you are responsible for system administration on your workstation, you should log in as root infrequently. For an explanation of system administration, see “Using System Administration Tools,” in the Personal System Administration Guide.
EZsetup account |  | The EZsetup account lets you add an account for the Primary User of the system and enable networking. Once you add a password to the Administrator account (root) you'll need to know the root password to use the tool again.

## Why Create a Login Account?

Creating a login account provides:

- Security. You can set a password that prevents other people from logging in with your name.

- Privacy. The system uses your login name to label files and directories that belong to you. You can read, change, and delete files and directories that belong to you, and you can protect your work from other users via permissions. See “Understanding Permissions.”

- Personal Preferences. You can modify your working environment in a variety of ways. For instance, you can place the icons you use frequently onto the desktop. When you log in, the desktop displays these icons.

See “Creating a User Login Account” in the Personal System Administration Guide to learn how to create your account.

## Logging In

When you see the login screen, you are ready to log in. Each icon on this screen represents a user who has a login account on the workstation. To log in, you select an icon, then click the Login button.

If you don't yet have a login account, see “Creating a User Login Account” in the Personal System Administration Guide to learn how to create your account.

| Note: You can designate one account as the autologin account. The system to bypasses the login window and logs in that person every time the system starts up. For instructions, see “Customizing the Login Window” in Chapter 7 of the Personal System Administration Guide.

## Logging In to Another System

If your workstation is part of a network of workstations, you may be able to log in to another workstation remotely — that is, sit in front of your workstation but access files on another workstation. Five sections are dedicated to this topic:

- “Opening a Directory on Another System”

- “Logging In to Another System Using the rlogin Command”

- “Using rsh to Perform Commands on Another System”

- “Using telnet to Log In to Another System”

### Opening a Directory on Another System

If your system is on a network, and you want to access files that are located on another system, you can open a Directory View of the remote directory that contains these files by using the Open Remote Directory form.

To open the Open Remote Directory form, click the words Remote Directory now, or choose “Remote Directory” from the Desktop toolchest.

To open a remote directory:

1. In the text field below the “Open Remote Directory” label, type the full pathname of the remote directory

2. Type the name of the remote system in the text field below the “On Host” label.

3. In the text field below the “As User” label, type a username.

   You need to type in the name of a user who has a login account on the remote system and does not have a password. If you do not have an account on the remote system, or know another account name, try guest.

4. After you have filled in the above information, click the Ok button.

   A Directory View window of the remote directory appears on your desktop. You can now navigate through other directories on the remote system, as long as the user you specified has read privileges on the directories you want to view.

If the Directory View window doesn't appear, check the console window for error messages, and then check the following:

- Is the hostname correct?

- Does the user you specified have an account on the remote system?

- Does the account have a password?

- Is the directory you specified a valid directory on the remote system?

- Does the user you specified have read privileges on the directory? If not, the owner of the directory must change the read permissions for that user.

### Logging In to Another System Using the `rlogin` Command

The `rlogin` command lets you log in to another system. This example shows how to log in remotely to `IRIS9` as `guest`.

| Note: If `IRIS9` is in a different domain (`bldg2`, for example), you would use `IRIS9.bldg2` in the example below instead of `IRIS9`.

1. Open a shell by choosing “UNIX Shell” from the Desktop toolchest.

   See “Opening a Shell Window” for step-by-step instructions.

2. Type:`rlogin IRIS9 -l guest`

To log out of `IRIS9` when you are finished, type:

`exit`

Then press `<Enter>`.

### Using `rsh` to Perform Commands on Another System

`rsh` connects you to a remote workstation just long enough to run commands that you specify on the same command line as `rsh`. Once the command is finished, the connection is broken. For example, to find out who is logged in on `IRIS9`:

1. Open a shell by choosing “UNIX Shell” from the Desktop toolchest.

   See “Opening a Shell Window” for step-by-step instructions.

2. Type:

   `rsh IRIS9 -l guest who`

This runs the command `who` on `IRIS9` and returns the information to your shell window. If you don't specify a command, `rsh` behaves just like `rlogin`; it logs you into the remote workstation.

For further details, see the reference pages (man pages) for `rsh` and `rlogin`. (If you need instructions on accessing man pages, see the online IRIS Utilities Guide.)

### Using `telnet` to Log In to Another System

The `telnet` program offers you another way of logging in to a remote workstation. To use `telnet`, you type a set of information into a shell window.

| Note: If `IRIS9` is in a different domain (`bldg2`, for example), you would use `IRIS9.bldg2` in the example below instead of `IRIS9`.

1. Open a shell by choosing “UNIX Shell” from the Desktop toolchest.

   See “Opening a Shell Window” for step-by-step instructions.

2. Type the name of the system to which you want to log in. For example, to log in to `IRIS9`, type:

   `telnet IRIS9`

   The screen shows:

       Trying 192.26.180.10...
       Connected to IRIS9.
       Escape character is '^]'.

       IRIX System V.3 (IRIS9)

       login:

3. Type your login name `(`or `guest``,` if you don't have an account on that system).

4. Press `<Enter>`.

5. If the system asks for a password, type it, then press `<Enter>`.

6. Use the remote workstation just as you use a shell window on your own system.

7. When you are finished and want to end the connection to the remote system, type:

   `logout`

   Then press `<Enter>`.

   The screen displays:

   `Connection closed by foreign host.`

The `telnet` program has many options. See the `telnet` reference page (man page) for further details. (If you need instructions on accessing reference pages, see the online IRIS Utilities Guide.)

## Logging Out

You signal that you are finished using the system by logging out.

1. Choose “Log Out” from the Desktop toolchest.

   A notifier appears asking if you really want to log out.

2. Click the Yes button in the notifier to confirm that you want to log out.

## Turning Off Your Workstation

Before turning off your workstation, you need to shut down the operating system. Shutting down the operating system safely closes all of the files and logs you out. If you turn off the workstation without shutting it down properly, files may be lost or damaged.

To shut down the system:

1. Choose “System Shutdown” from the System toolchest.

2. If the system administrator's account has a password, a form appears. Type the password, then press `<Enter>`.

   If you do not know the password, you cannot shut down the system. Contact the Primary Administrator.

3. Click the Yes button on the notifier that appears to shut down the system.

   The system sends a message to everyone who is logged in remotely to your workstation — that is, people who are sitting in front of their own workstation but accessing files on your workstation. The message tells people that the system is about to be shut down and that they will be logged out.

   After a few seconds, you see this message on your workstation screen:

   `Okay to power off the system now.`

   `Press any key to restart`

4. Turn off the workstation using the power switch.

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Chapter 1. Getting Started |  | Chapter 3. Using Applications