Appendix B. Sample Reports

Sample Alert Report

The report below is a sample of a report generated by a firewall under actual use. Note that the security alerts are sorted separately and presented at the top of the report from the other information. Alerts differentiate between security alerts, system configuration errors, and “other” information. Note the last line in the “other” section; the system disk has overflowed. One advantage of the Gauntlet “tell me what to ignore rather than what to look for” auditing system is that it effectively provides warnings for normal system error messages, such as overflowed disks, disk errors, memory problems, and so on.

Example B-1. Sample Alert Report


From root Fri Sep 23 10:30:03 1994
Received: by your.domain; id KAA02230; Fri, 23 Sep 1994 10:30:03 -0400
Date: Fri, 23 Sep 1994 10:30:03 -0400
From: System Administrator <root>
Message-Id: <199409231430.KAA02230@your.domain>
To: firewalladmin
Subject: 09/23/94:10.30 system check
Status: R
Possible Items of Interest
--------------------------
Sep 23 10:16:11 localhost authsrv[2176]: BADAUTH mjr (rlogin-gw unknown/192.33.112.117)
Sep 23 10:16:13 localhost authsrv[2176]: BADAUTH root (rlogin-gw unknown/192.33.112.117)
Sep 23 10:18:12 localhost authedit[2185]: root ENABLED USER mjr
Sep 23 10:18:52 localhost authsrv[2188]: BADAUTH mjr (rlogin-gw unknown/192.33.112.117)
Sep 23 10:18:55 localhost authsrv[2188]: BADAUTH mjr (rlogin-gw unknown/192.33.112.117)
Sep 23 10:19:03 localhost authsrv[2188]: BADAUTH nobody (rlogin- gw unknown/192.33.112.117)
Sep 23 10:19:05 localhost authsrv[2188]: BADAUTH mjr (rlogin-gw unknown/192.33.112.117)
Sep 23 10:19:10 localhost authsrv[2190]: BADAUTH mjr (rlogin-gw unknown/192.33.112.117)
Sep 23 10:19:13 localhost authsrv[2190]: BADAUTH mjr (rlogin-gw unknown/192.33.112.117)
Sep 23 10:19:14 localhost authsrv[2190]: BADAUTH mjr too many tries (rlogin-gw unknown/192.33.112.117)
Sep 23 10:20:00 gauntlet kernel: uid 0 on /: file system full

Sample Weekly Report

The report below is a shortened sample of a report generated by a firewall under actual use. The first section of the report lists electronic mail traffic, decomposed into senders, and recipients sorted in order of greatest usage in terms of data amount and number of messages. Though the system logs contain information cross-referencing sender and recipient, that information is not included in the reports, to protect the privacy of the firewall's users. Summaries of the top users who authenticate to the firewall, as well as FTP traffic and network service access by type, are included.

Example B-2. Sample Weekly Report


Electronic Mail Usage
----------------------------------------------------------------
Total messages: 31955 (173357 Kb)
Top 20 mail recipients (in messages)
Messages
 Count Kb Address
 ----- -- -------
 714 2411.0 avolio@tis.com
 654 1986.8 mjr@tis.com
 180 631.0 fwall-users-request@tis.com
 168 288.5 dave@tis.com
 87 259.6 firewalls@tis.com
Top 20 mail senders (in messages)
Messages
 Count Kb Address
 ----- -- -------
 17146 76358.9 fwall-users-request@tis.com
 1753 4775.3 mjr@tis.com
 567 1368.1 dave@tis.com
 261 778.1 firewalls-owner@greatcircle.com
 154 433.4 avolio@tis.com
Top 20 mail recipients (in kilobytes)
Messages
 Count Kb Address
 ----- -- -------
 714 2411.0 avolio@tis.com
 654 1986.8 mjr@tis.com
 180 631.0 fwall-users-request@tis.com
Top 20 mail senders (in kilobytes)
Messages
 Count Kb Address
 ----- -- -------
 17146 76358.9 fwall-users-request@tis.com
 1753 4775.3 mjr@tis.com
 567 1368.1 dave@tis.com
 261 778.1 firewalls-owner@greatcircle.com
User Logins
----------------------------------------------------------------
Top 20 permitted user authentications (total: 173)
Logins User ID
------ -------
30 dave
7 avolio
5 mjr_s
Top 20 failed user authentications (total: 77)
Attempts Username
-------- --------
9 anonymous
6 connect
2 tis
2 mjr_s
2 guest
2 dave
2 bob
2 ?
1 whitehousr
1 user
1 system
Authentication Managment Operations
-----------------------------------
administrator PASSWORD mjr
FTP Proxy usage
----------------------------------------------------------------
FTP service users (total: 153)
Connects Host/Address
-------- ------------
120 sol.tis.com/192.33.112.100
6 magellan.tis.com/199.171.39.124
6 kaos.tis.com/192.33.112.218
6 frodo.tis.com/199.171.39.94
4 ziggy.tis.com/192.33.112.161
3 hilo.tis.com/192.33.112.120
2 polaris.tis.com/192.33.112.172
2 hobbs.tis.com/199.171.39.134
1 unknown/150.211.40.151
1 odie.tis.com/199.171.39.132
FTP service output thruput (total Kbytes: 29568)
KBytes Host/Address
------ ------------
29332 kaos.tis.com/192.33.112.218
235 sol.tis.com/192.33.112.100
FTP service input thruput (total Kbytes: 60875)
KBytes Host/Address
------ ------------
58925 sol.tis.com/192.33.112.100
1133 frodo.tis.com/199.171.39.94
397 magellan.tis.com/199.171.39.124
257 hilo.tis.com/192.33.112.120
128 polaris.tis.com/192.33.112.172
17 kaos.tis.com/192.33.112.218
14 ziggy.tis.com/192.33.112.161
Telnet/Rlogin Proxy Usage
----------------------------------------------------------------
Top 20 telnet gateway clients (total: 330)
Connects Host/Address Input Output Total
-------- ------------ ----- ------ -----
 84 sol.tis.com/192.33.1 782715 11262 793977
 78 socks.tis.com/192.94 7923948 239618 8163566
 36 fred.tis.com/192.94. 18093531 131111 18224642
 12 hilo.tis.com/192.33. 852409 5576 857985
 10 unknown/45.69.0.165 461495 13802 475297
 9 happy.tis.com/192.33 2805 381 3186
 8 otter.tis.com/192.33 449661 1461 451122
 8 magellan.tis.com/199 76980 448 77428
 6 odie.tis.com/199.171 409016 3332 412348
 4 piobmor.tis.com/192. 200561 1430 201991
 4 frodo.tis.com/199.17 503896 5903 509799
 4 eleven.tis.com/192.3 2057 459 2516
Top 20 telnet gateway clients in terms of traffic
Connects Host/Address Input Output Total
-------- ------------ ----- ------ -----
 36 fred.tis.com/192.94. 18093531 131111 18224642
 10 unknown/45.69.0.165 461495 13802 475297
 84 sol.tis.com/192.33.1 782715 11262 793977
 8 otter.tis.com/192.33 449661 1461 451122
 4 piobmor.tis.com/192. 200561 1430 201991
 2 unknown/20.2.1.193 34091 776 34867
 2 kuki.tis.com/192.33. 29699 538 30237
 4 eleven.tis.com/192.3 2057 459 2516
Network Service Connections
----------------------------------------------------------------
Top 20 network service users (total: 2038)
Connects Host/Address
-------- ------------
946 kaos.tis.com/192.33.112.218
486 sol.tis.com/192.33.112.100
135 hilo.tis.com/192.33.112.120
106 gildor.tis.com/192.33.112.113
79 socks.tis.com/192.94.214.158
57 reddwarf.tis.com/192.33.112.12
36 fred.tis.com/192.94.214.201
30 magellan.tis.com/199.171.39.124
15 otter.tis.com/192.33.112.117
12 happy.tis.com/192.33.112.61
12 frodo.tis.com/199.171.39.94
10 unknown/45.69.0.165
6 ziggy.tis.com/192.33.112.161
6 polaris.tis.com/192.33.112.172
6 localhost.tis.com/127.0.0.1
4 relay.tis.com/192.94.214.100
Top 20 Denied network service users (total: 4)
Connects Host/Address
-------- ------------
3 magellan.tis.com/199.171.39.124
1 sol.tis.com/192.33.112.100
Service Requests
Requests Service
-------- -------
1048 in.fingerd
276 http-gw
194 in.telnetd
189 traceroute-gw
157 in.ftpd
151 in.rlogind
15 whois-gw
8 ping-gw
4 x-gw