Appendix C. IRIX Directories and Files

This section briefly describes the directories and files that a system administrator uses frequently. For additional information on the formats of the system files, refer to the IRIX section 4 reference pages.

IRIX Root Directories

The main directories of the root file system (/) are as follows:

/  

Contains hardware-specific files and files required to start the system.

bin  

Contains publicly executable commands. (Some are root-only.)

debug  

Provides a link to /proc.

dev  

Contains special files that define all of the devices on the system.

etc  

Contains administrative programs and tables.

lib  

Contains public libraries.

lost+found  

Used by fsck(1M) to save disconnected files and directories.

proc  

Provides an interface to running processes that may be used by debuggers such as dbx(1).

tmp  

Used for temporary files.

usr  

Used to mount the /usr file system and for files that are the same from system to system. These files are not writable.

var  

Used for files that are specific to each system. There is typically a symbolic link to /usr for each file in /var.

Other Important IRIX System Directories

The following directories are important in the administration of your system:

/etc/init.d  

Contains shell scripts used in upward and downward transitions to all system run levels. These files are linked to files beginning with S (start) or K (kill) in /etc/rcn.d, where n is replaced by the appropriate run level number.

/etc/config  

Contains start-up and run-time configuration information.

/etc/rc0.d  

Contains files executed by /etc/rc0 to bring the system to run-level 0. Files in this directory are linked from files in the /etc/init.d directory and begin with either a K or an S. K indicates processes that are killed, and S indicates processes that are started when entering run-level 0.

/etc/rc2.d  

Contains files executed by /etc/rc2 for transitions to system run-level 2. Files in this directory are linked from files in the /etc/init.d directory and begin with either a K or an S. K indicates processes that should be killed, and S indicates processes that should be started, when entering run-level 2.

/etc/rc3.d  

Contains files executed by /etc/rc3 for transitions to system run-level 3. Files in this directory are linked from files in the /etc/init.d directory and begin with either a K or an S. K indicates processes that should be stopped, and S indicates processes that should be started when entering run-level 3.

/var/adm/acct 


Contains information collected by the accounting subsystem.

/var/adm/crash 


Contains crash dumps of the system. After analysis, and if appropriate, these dumps can safely be removed unless your support provider has requested otherwise. See the savecore(1) reference page for more information.

/var/adm/sa  

Contains information collected by sar(1).

/usr/people  

Contains the home directories of users of the system or network. This directory can be a link to /var/people or a mount point for a totally separate file system.

/usr/share  

This directory contains files that are the same on all systems.

/var/spool  

Contains spooling directories. The directories in this directory hold outbound mail, print requests, and other data.

/var/spool/cron/crontabs  


Contains crontab files for the adm, root, and sys logins and ordinary users listed in cron.allow.

/var/sysgen/master.d  


Contains files that define the configuration of hardware devices, software services and utilities, and aliases.

/var/sysgen/stune  


Contains files that define the default settings of all kernel tunable parameters.

/var/sysgen/mtune  


Contains files that define the current settings of all kernel tunable parameters.

Important IRIX System Files

The following files are important in the administration of your system:

/etc/cshrc  

Contains the standard (default) environment for /bin/csh users.

/etc/exports  

Contains the list of NFS file systems exported at boot time to NFS clients if the optional NFS software is installed.

/etc/fstab  

Specifies the filesystem(s) to be mounted.

/etc/gettydefs  

Contains information used by getty to set the speed and terminal settings for a line.

/etc/group  

Describes each group to the system.

/etc/hosts  

Contains information about the known hosts on the network.

/etc/hosts.equiv 


Contains a list of hosts trusted for non-superuser rlogin and rsh execution.

/etc/inittab  

Contains the instructions to define the processes created or terminated by init for each initialization state.

/etc/issue  

Displays a message to users before logging in to the system over the network or on serial lines.

/etc/lvtab  

Contains information describing the logical volumes used by the workstation. This file is read by the logical volumes utilities.

/etc/motd  

Contains a brief ``message of the day.''

/etc/passwd  

Identifies each user to the system.

/etc/profile  

Contains the standard (default) environment for /bin/sh users.

/etc/rc0  

Contains a script that executes shell scripts in /etc/rc0.d to bring the system to run-level 0.

/etc/rc2  

Contains a script that executes shell scripts in /etc/rc2.d and /etc/rc.d on transitions to system run-level 2.

/etc/shutdown  


Contains a shell script that gracefully shuts down the system in preparation for system backup or for scheduled downtime.

/etc/sys_id  

Contains the system name.

/etc/ttytype  

Contains a list, ordered by terminal port, of what kind of terminal is likely to log in to that port.

/etc/TIMEZONE  


Used to set the default time zone shell variable TZ.

/etc/utmp  

Contains the information on the current runstate of the system.

/etc/wtmp  

Contains a history of system logins.

/etc/xwtmp  

Contains an extended history of system logins.

/var/adm/sulog  


Contains a history of su command usage. This file should be checked periodically for excessive size and archived.

/var/adm/SYSLOG 


Contains system and daemon error messages.

/var/yp/ypdomain  


Contains the domain name if the workstation is using NIS.

/var/cron/log  


Contains a history of all the actions taken by cron. This file should be checked periodically for excessive size and reduced if necessary.

/usr/lib/cron/cron.allow  


Contains a list of users allowed to use crontab(1). This file cannot exist on the system at the same time as cron.deny.

/usr/lib/cron/cron.deny  


Contains a list of users who are denied access to crontab(1). It is checked if /usr/lib/cron/cron.allow does not exist.

IRIX Device Special Files

This section contains a listing of many of the most important device files and directories that reside in the /dev directory structure.

dsk/  

Directory containing block device files for disks; see ips(7), dks(7), and xyl(7) for disk partition device names.

rdsk/  

Directory containing raw (character) device files for disks; see ips(7), dks(7), and xyl(7) for disk partition device names.

root  

Generic root partition (block device).

rroot  

Generic root partition (raw device).

usr  

Generic usr partition (block device).

rusr  

Generic usr partition (raw device).

swap  

Generic swap partition (block device).

rswap  

Generic swap partition (raw device).

vh  

Generic root volume header (block device).

rvh  

Generic root volume header (raw device).

mt/  

directory containing block device files for tapes; see ts(7) for ISI quarter-inch tape drive device names; see tps(7) for SCSI quarter-inch tape drive device names; see xmt(7) for Xylogics half-inch tape drive names.

rmt/  

directory containing raw device files for tapes; see ts(7) for ISI quarter-inch tape drive device names; see tps(7) for SCSI quarter-inch tape drive device names; see xmt(7) for Xylogics half-inch tape drive names.

tape  

Generic tape device; bytes are swapped in order to be backward-compatible with the IRIS Series 2000 and 3000 workstations; see mtio(7).

nrtape  

Generic no-rewind tape device; bytes are swapped in order to be backward-compatible with the IRIS Series 2000 and 3000 workstations; see mtio(7).

tapens  

Generic tape device; bytes are not swapped; see mtio(7).

nrtapens  

Generic no-rewind tape device; bytes are not swapped; see mtio(7).

mem  

Memory; see mem(7).

mmem  

Mappable memory; see mmem(7).

kmem  

Kernel memory; see kmem(7).

null  

Null device (zero length on input, data sink on output); see null(7).

SA/  

Block devices used by system administration tools; see sysadm(1M) and sa(7).

rSA/  

Raw devices used by system administration tools; see sysadm(1M) and sa(7).

audio  

Audio interface.

dn_ll  

File used to create 4DDN logical links; see dn_ll(7).

dn_netman  

File used by 4DDN network management software; see dn_netman(7).

cent  

Centronics® color graphics printer device.

tek  

Tektronics color graphics printer device.

vers  

Versatek color graphics printer device.

vp0  

Hard link to vers.

gpib*  

GPIB (IEEE-488) device; see gpib(7).

gse  

Spectragraphics coax device; see gse(7).

plp  

Parallel line printer interface; see plp(7).

prf  

File used by operating system profiler; see prf(7).

t3270  

Raw device file for IBM 3270™ Cluster Controller; see t3270(7).

hl/  

Directory containing files used by IRIS GTX series machines hardware spinlock driver; see usnewlock(3P).

log  

Named pipe that is read by the system logging daemon; see syslogd(1M).

ptc  

Clonable pseudo-tty controller; see clone(7), ptc(7).

grconc  

Master pseudo-teletype for the graphics console; see pty(7).

grcons  

Slave pseudo-teletype for the graphics console; see pty(7).

gm  

Logical console device for the Graphics Manager on the IRIS GT and GTX model machines. Messages from the software running on the 68020 on the GM board will appear as output on this device.

grin/  

Directory containing the individual logical graphics input devices.

console  

System console device.

syscon  

Hard link to /dev/console.

systty  

Hard link to /dev/console.

queue  

Graphics queue device. Graphics programs call ''select'' on this device in order to be notified when there is input in their graphics queue. This device can't be actually read or written.

dials  

Device for serial port connected to dial and button box.

keybd  

Device for serial port connected to keyboard.

mouse  

Device for serial port connected to mouse.

tablet  

Device for serial port connected to digitizing tablet.

ttyd[1-12]  

Serial ports 1–12.

ttyf[1-12]  

Serial ports 1–12 for devices that understand hardware flow control.

ttym[1-12]  

Serial ports 1–12 for modems.

ttyq*  

Pseudo tty devices; see pty(7).

zero  

Zero device (infinite zeros on reads); see zero(7).

ASCII Conversion Table

The ASCII character set defines a 1-to-1 mapping of characters to 8-bit values. The following tables provide an easy reference for converting the ASCII characters into their octal, hexadecimal, and decimal equivalents. These tables are also available in the ascii(5) reference page.

Table C-1. ASCII map to Octal Values

000 nul

001 soh

002 stx

003 etx

004 eot

005 enq

006 ack

007 bel

010 bs

011 ht

012 nl

013 vt

014 np

015 cr

016 so

017 si

020 dle

021 dc1

022 dc2

023 dc3

024 dc4

025 nak

026 syn

027 etb

030 can

031 em

032 sub

033 esc

034 fs

035 gs

036 rs

037 us

040 sp

041 !

042 “

043 #

044 $

045 %

046 &

047 `

050 (

051 )

052 *

053 +

054 ,

055 -

056 .

057 /

060 0

061 1

062 2

063 3

064 4

065 5

066 6

067 7

070 8

071 9

072 :

073 ;

074 <

075 =

076 >

077 ?

100 @

101 A

102 B

103 C

104 D

105 E

106 F

107 G

110 H

111 I

112 J

113 K

114 L

115 M

116 N

117 O

120 P

121 Q

122 R

123 S

124 T

125 U

126 V

127 W

130 X

131 Y

132 Z

133 [

134 \

135 ]

136 ^

137 _

140 `

141 a

142 b

143 c

144 d

145 e

146 f

147 g

150 h

151 i

152 j

153 k

154 l

155 m

156 n

157 o

160 p

161 q

162 r

163 s

164 t

165 u

166 v

167 w

170 x

171 y

172 z

173 {

174 |

175 }

176 ~

177 del


Table C-2. ASCII map to Hexadecimal Values

00 nul

01 soh

02 stx

03 etx

04 eot

05 enq

06 ack

07 bel

08 bs

09 ht

0a nl

0b vt

0c np

0d cr

0e so

0f si

10 dle

11 dc1

12 dc2

13 dc3

14 dc4

15 nak

16 syn

17 etb

18 can

19 em

1a sub

1b esc

1c fs

1d gs

1e rs

1f us

20 sp

21 !

22 “

23 #

24 $

25 %

26 &

27 `

28 (

29 )

2a *

2b +

2c ,

2d -

2e .

2f /

30 0

31 1

32 2

33 3

34 4

35 5

36 6

37 7

38 8

39 9

3a :

3b ;

3c <

3d =

3e >

3f ?

40 @

41 A

42 B

43 C

44 D

45 E

46 F

47 G

48 H

49 I

4a J

4b K

4c L

4d M

4e N

4f O

50 P

51 Q

52 R

53 S

54 T

55 U

56 V

57 W

58 X

59 Y

5a Z

5b [

5c \

5d ]

5e ^

5f _

60 `

61 a

62 b

63 c

64 d

65 e

66 f

67 g

68 h

69 i

6a j

6b k

6c l

6d m

6e n

6f o

70 p

71 q

72 r

73 s

74 t

75 u

76 v

77 w

78 x

79 y

7a z

7b {

7c |

7d }

7e ~

7f del


Table C-3. ASCII map to Decimal Values

0 nul

1 soh

2 stx

3 etx

4 eot

5 enq

6 ack

7 bel

8 bs

9 ht

10 nl

11 vt

12 np

13 cr

14 so

15 si

16 dle

17 dc1

18 dc2

19 dc3

20 dc4

21 nak

22 syn

23 etb

24 can

25 em

26 sub

27 esc

28 fs

29 gs

30 rs

31 us

32 sp

33 !

34 “

35 #

36 $

37 %

38 &

39 `

40 (

41 )

42 *

43 +

44 ,

45 -

46 .

47 /

48 0

49 1

50 2

51 3

52 4

53 5

54 6

55 7

56 8

57 9

58 :

59 ;

60 <

61 =

62 >

63 ?

64 @

65 A

66 B

67 C

68 D

69 E

70 F

71 G

72 H

73 I

74 J

75 K

76 L

77 M

78 N

79 O

80 P

81 Q

82 R

83 S

84 T

85 U

86 V

87 W

88 X

89 Y

90 Z

91 [

92 \

93 ]

94 ^

95 _

96 `

97 a

98 b

99 c

100 d

101 e

102 f

103 g

104 h

105 i

106 j

107 k

108 l

109 m

110 n

111 o

112 p

113 q

114 r

115 s

116 t

117 u

118 v

119 w

120 x

121 y

122 z

123 {

124 |

125 }

126 ~

127 del