This section briefly describes the directories and files that a system administrator uses frequently. For additional information on the formats of the system files, refer to the IRIX section 4 reference pages.
The main directories of the root file system (/) are as follows:
| / | Contains hardware-specific files and files required to start the system. | |
| bin | Contains publicly executable commands. (Some are root-only.) | |
| debug | Provides a link to /proc. | |
| dev | Contains special files that define all of the devices on the system. | |
| etc | Contains administrative programs and tables. | |
| lib | Contains public libraries. | |
| lost+found | Used by fsck(1M) to save disconnected files and directories. | |
| proc | Provides an interface to running processes that may be used by debuggers such as dbx(1). | |
| tmp | Used for temporary files. | |
| usr | Used to mount the /usr file system and for files that are the same from system to system. These files are not writable. | |
| var | Used for files that are specific to each system. There is typically a symbolic link to /usr for each file in /var. |
The following directories are important in the administration of your system:
| /etc/init.d | Contains shell scripts used in upward and downward transitions to all system run levels. These files are linked to files beginning with S (start) or K (kill) in /etc/rcn.d, where n is replaced by the appropriate run level number. | |
| /etc/config | Contains start-up and run-time configuration information. | |
| /etc/rc0.d | Contains files executed by /etc/rc0 to bring the system to run-level 0. Files in this directory are linked from files in the /etc/init.d directory and begin with either a K or an S. K indicates processes that are killed, and S indicates processes that are started when entering run-level 0. | |
| /etc/rc2.d | Contains files executed by /etc/rc2 for transitions to system run-level 2. Files in this directory are linked from files in the /etc/init.d directory and begin with either a K or an S. K indicates processes that should be killed, and S indicates processes that should be started, when entering run-level 2. | |
| /etc/rc3.d | Contains files executed by /etc/rc3 for transitions to system run-level 3. Files in this directory are linked from files in the /etc/init.d directory and begin with either a K or an S. K indicates processes that should be stopped, and S indicates processes that should be started when entering run-level 3. | |
| /var/adm/acct |
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| /var/adm/crash |
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| /var/adm/sa | Contains information collected by sar(1). | |
| /usr/people | Contains the home directories of users of the system or network. This directory can be a link to /var/people or a mount point for a totally separate file system. | |
| /usr/share | This directory contains files that are the same on all systems. | |
| /var/spool | Contains spooling directories. The directories in this directory hold outbound mail, print requests, and other data. | |
| /var/spool/cron/crontabs |
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| /var/sysgen/master.d |
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| /var/sysgen/stune |
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| /var/sysgen/mtune |
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The following files are important in the administration of your system:
| /etc/cshrc | Contains the standard (default) environment for /bin/csh users. | |
| /etc/exports | Contains the list of NFS file systems exported at boot time to NFS clients if the optional NFS software is installed. | |
| /etc/fstab | Specifies the filesystem(s) to be mounted. | |
| /etc/gettydefs | Contains information used by getty to set the speed and terminal settings for a line. | |
| /etc/group | Describes each group to the system. | |
| /etc/hosts | Contains information about the known hosts on the network. | |
| /etc/hosts.equiv |
| |
| /etc/inittab | Contains the instructions to define the processes created or terminated by init for each initialization state. | |
| /etc/issue | Displays a message to users before logging in to the system over the network or on serial lines. | |
| /etc/lvtab | Contains information describing the logical volumes used by the workstation. This file is read by the logical volumes utilities. | |
| /etc/motd | Contains a brief ``message of the day.'' | |
| /etc/passwd | Identifies each user to the system. | |
| /etc/profile | Contains the standard (default) environment for /bin/sh users. | |
| /etc/rc0 | Contains a script that executes shell scripts in /etc/rc0.d to bring the system to run-level 0. | |
| /etc/rc2 | Contains a script that executes shell scripts in /etc/rc2.d and /etc/rc.d on transitions to system run-level 2. | |
| /etc/shutdown |
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| /etc/sys_id | Contains the system name. | |
| /etc/ttytype | Contains a list, ordered by terminal port, of what kind of terminal is likely to log in to that port. | |
| /etc/TIMEZONE |
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| /etc/utmp | Contains the information on the current runstate of the system. | |
| /etc/wtmp | Contains a history of system logins. | |
| /etc/xwtmp | Contains an extended history of system logins. | |
| /var/adm/sulog |
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| /var/adm/SYSLOG |
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| /var/yp/ypdomain |
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| /var/cron/log |
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| /usr/lib/cron/cron.allow |
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| /usr/lib/cron/cron.deny |
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This section contains a listing of many of the most important device files and directories that reside in the /dev directory structure.
| dsk/ | Directory containing block device files for disks; see ips(7), dks(7), and xyl(7) for disk partition device names. | |
| rdsk/ | Directory containing raw (character) device files for disks; see ips(7), dks(7), and xyl(7) for disk partition device names. | |
| root | Generic root partition (block device). | |
| rroot | Generic root partition (raw device). | |
| usr | Generic usr partition (block device). | |
| rusr | Generic usr partition (raw device). | |
| swap | Generic swap partition (block device). | |
| rswap | Generic swap partition (raw device). | |
| vh | Generic root volume header (block device). | |
| rvh | Generic root volume header (raw device). | |
| mt/ | directory containing block device files for tapes; see ts(7) for ISI quarter-inch tape drive device names; see tps(7) for SCSI quarter-inch tape drive device names; see xmt(7) for Xylogics half-inch tape drive names. | |
| rmt/ | directory containing raw device files for tapes; see ts(7) for ISI quarter-inch tape drive device names; see tps(7) for SCSI quarter-inch tape drive device names; see xmt(7) for Xylogics half-inch tape drive names. | |
| tape | Generic tape device; bytes are swapped in order to be backward-compatible with the IRIS Series 2000 and 3000 workstations; see mtio(7). | |
| nrtape | Generic no-rewind tape device; bytes are swapped in order to be backward-compatible with the IRIS Series 2000 and 3000 workstations; see mtio(7). | |
| tapens | Generic tape device; bytes are not swapped; see mtio(7). | |
| nrtapens | Generic no-rewind tape device; bytes are not swapped; see mtio(7). | |
| mem | Memory; see mem(7). | |
| mmem | Mappable memory; see mmem(7). | |
| kmem | Kernel memory; see kmem(7). | |
| null | Null device (zero length on input, data sink on output); see null(7). | |
| SA/ | Block devices used by system administration tools; see sysadm(1M) and sa(7). | |
| rSA/ | Raw devices used by system administration tools; see sysadm(1M) and sa(7). | |
| audio | Audio interface. | |
| dn_ll | File used to create 4DDN logical links; see dn_ll(7). | |
| dn_netman | File used by 4DDN network management software; see dn_netman(7). | |
| cent | Centronics® color graphics printer device. | |
| tek | Tektronics color graphics printer device. | |
| vers | Versatek color graphics printer device. | |
| vp0 | Hard link to vers. | |
| gpib* | GPIB (IEEE-488) device; see gpib(7). | |
| gse | Spectragraphics coax device; see gse(7). | |
| plp | Parallel line printer interface; see plp(7). | |
| prf | File used by operating system profiler; see prf(7). | |
| t3270 | Raw device file for IBM 3270™ Cluster Controller; see t3270(7). | |
| hl/ | Directory containing files used by IRIS GTX series machines hardware spinlock driver; see usnewlock(3P). | |
| log | Named pipe that is read by the system logging daemon; see syslogd(1M). | |
| ptc | Clonable pseudo-tty controller; see clone(7), ptc(7). | |
| grconc | Master pseudo-teletype for the graphics console; see pty(7). | |
| grcons | Slave pseudo-teletype for the graphics console; see pty(7). | |
| gm | Logical console device for the Graphics Manager on the IRIS GT and GTX model machines. Messages from the software running on the 68020 on the GM board will appear as output on this device. | |
| grin/ | Directory containing the individual logical graphics input devices. | |
| console | System console device. | |
| syscon | Hard link to /dev/console. | |
| systty | Hard link to /dev/console. | |
| queue | Graphics queue device. Graphics programs call ''select'' on this device in order to be notified when there is input in their graphics queue. This device can't be actually read or written. | |
| dials | Device for serial port connected to dial and button box. | |
| keybd | Device for serial port connected to keyboard. | |
| mouse | Device for serial port connected to mouse. | |
| tablet | Device for serial port connected to digitizing tablet. | |
| ttyd[1-12] | Serial ports 1–12. | |
| ttyf[1-12] | Serial ports 1–12 for devices that understand hardware flow control. | |
| ttym[1-12] | Serial ports 1–12 for modems. | |
| ttyq* | Pseudo tty devices; see pty(7). | |
| zero | Zero device (infinite zeros on reads); see zero(7). |
The ASCII character set defines a 1-to-1 mapping of characters to 8-bit values. The following tables provide an easy reference for converting the ASCII characters into their octal, hexadecimal, and decimal equivalents. These tables are also available in the ascii(5) reference page.
Table C-1. ASCII map to Octal Values
000 nul | 001 soh | 002 stx | 003 etx | 004 eot | 005 enq | 006 ack | 007 bel |
010 bs | 011 ht | 012 nl | 013 vt | 014 np | 015 cr | 016 so | 017 si |
020 dle | 021 dc1 | 022 dc2 | 023 dc3 | 024 dc4 | 025 nak | 026 syn | 027 etb |
030 can | 031 em | 032 sub | 033 esc | 034 fs | 035 gs | 036 rs | 037 us |
040 sp | 041 ! | 042 “ | 043 # | 044 $ | 045 % | 046 & | 047 ` |
050 ( | 051 ) | 052 * | 053 + | 054 , | 055 - | 056 . | 057 / |
060 0 | 061 1 | 062 2 | 063 3 | 064 4 | 065 5 | 066 6 | 067 7 |
070 8 | 071 9 | 072 : | 073 ; | 074 < | 075 = | 076 > | 077 ? |
100 @ | 101 A | 102 B | 103 C | 104 D | 105 E | 106 F | 107 G |
110 H | 111 I | 112 J | 113 K | 114 L | 115 M | 116 N | 117 O |
120 P | 121 Q | 122 R | 123 S | 124 T | 125 U | 126 V | 127 W |
130 X | 131 Y | 132 Z | 133 [ | 134 \ | 135 ] | 136 ^ | 137 _ |
140 ` | 141 a | 142 b | 143 c | 144 d | 145 e | 146 f | 147 g |
150 h | 151 i | 152 j | 153 k | 154 l | 155 m | 156 n | 157 o |
160 p | 161 q | 162 r | 163 s | 164 t | 165 u | 166 v | 167 w |
170 x | 171 y | 172 z | 173 { | 174 | | 175 } | 176 ~ | 177 del |
Table C-2. ASCII map to Hexadecimal Values
00 nul | 01 soh | 02 stx | 03 etx | 04 eot | 05 enq | 06 ack | 07 bel |
08 bs | 09 ht | 0a nl | 0b vt | 0c np | 0d cr | 0e so | 0f si |
10 dle | 11 dc1 | 12 dc2 | 13 dc3 | 14 dc4 | 15 nak | 16 syn | 17 etb |
18 can | 19 em | 1a sub | 1b esc | 1c fs | 1d gs | 1e rs | 1f us |
20 sp | 21 ! | 22 “ | 23 # | 24 $ | 25 % | 26 & | 27 ` |
28 ( | 29 ) | 2a * | 2b + | 2c , | 2d - | 2e . | 2f / |
30 0 | 31 1 | 32 2 | 33 3 | 34 4 | 35 5 | 36 6 | 37 7 |
38 8 | 39 9 | 3a : | 3b ; | 3c < | 3d = | 3e > | 3f ? |
40 @ | 41 A | 42 B | 43 C | 44 D | 45 E | 46 F | 47 G |
48 H | 49 I | 4a J | 4b K | 4c L | 4d M | 4e N | 4f O |
50 P | 51 Q | 52 R | 53 S | 54 T | 55 U | 56 V | 57 W |
58 X | 59 Y | 5a Z | 5b [ | 5c \ | 5d ] | 5e ^ | 5f _ |
60 ` | 61 a | 62 b | 63 c | 64 d | 65 e | 66 f | 67 g |
68 h | 69 i | 6a j | 6b k | 6c l | 6d m | 6e n | 6f o |
70 p | 71 q | 72 r | 73 s | 74 t | 75 u | 76 v | 77 w |
78 x | 79 y | 7a z | 7b { | 7c | | 7d } | 7e ~ | 7f del |
Table C-3. ASCII map to Decimal Values
0 nul | 1 soh | 2 stx | 3 etx | 4 eot | 5 enq | 6 ack | 7 bel |
8 bs | 9 ht | 10 nl | 11 vt | 12 np | 13 cr | 14 so | 15 si |
16 dle | 17 dc1 | 18 dc2 | 19 dc3 | 20 dc4 | 21 nak | 22 syn | 23 etb |
24 can | 25 em | 26 sub | 27 esc | 28 fs | 29 gs | 30 rs | 31 us |
32 sp | 33 ! | 34 “ | 35 # | 36 $ | 37 % | 38 & | 39 ` |
40 ( | 41 ) | 42 * | 43 + | 44 , | 45 - | 46 . | 47 / |
48 0 | 49 1 | 50 2 | 51 3 | 52 4 | 53 5 | 54 6 | 55 7 |
56 8 | 57 9 | 58 : | 59 ; | 60 < | 61 = | 62 > | 63 ? |
64 @ | 65 A | 66 B | 67 C | 68 D | 69 E | 70 F | 71 G |
72 H | 73 I | 74 J | 75 K | 76 L | 77 M | 78 N | 79 O |
80 P | 81 Q | 82 R | 83 S | 84 T | 85 U | 86 V | 87 W |
88 X | 89 Y | 90 Z | 91 [ | 92 \ | 93 ] | 94 ^ | 95 _ |
96 ` | 97 a | 98 b | 99 c | 100 d | 101 e | 102 f | 103 g |
104 h | 105 i | 106 j | 107 k | 108 l | 109 m | 110 n | 111 o |
112 p | 113 q | 114 r | 115 s | 116 t | 117 u | 118 v | 119 w |
120 x | 121 y | 122 z | 123 { | 124 | | 125 } | 126 ~ | 127 del |