Copyright: ©1995 Digital Equipment Corporation
Citation: ©1995 Digital Equipment Corporation.  All rights reserved.


Contents

Starion Minitower PC Field Service/Field Training ♦ Version 1.0

The following Help Topics or groups of Help Topics are available:

General Information

About This Help System

Introduction

Related Material

Glossary

Service Information

System Components

System Features

System Utilities

Security Features

BIOS Setup Utility

Troubleshooting

Service Procedures

Technical Reference

System Specifications

Technical Specifications

Device Mapping

Interface Connectors

For Help on Help, Press F1


About This Help System

This topic is designed to help you understand the way this Help file has been organized and the graphic and stylistic conventions which have been used in presenting the material.

Organization

There are several "layers" of contents pages in this Help file, each grouping a related set of Help topics.  The topics are also selectively cross-referenced, so that you can jump quickly between Help topics grouped in different sections of the file.  Simply click on the highlighted words, phrases, and topic titles to move from topic to topic.

Enhanced Illustrations

Where parts of an illustration appear boxed by dotted lines, you can click on the boxed area to see further information about the item being illustrated.  Note that if you have significantly reduced the size of the Help window, some illustrations may not be completely visible and/or the scrollable area of the window may become too small to display text.  If this happens, simply increase the size of the Help window until all the information you need becomes visible or can be scrolled into view.

The illustrations in this Help system have been designed for high-resolution display.  You should set your monitor to the highest possible screen resolution in order to view the illustrations most clearly.

Note and Legend Buttons

Some Help topics contain special buttons which indicate the presence of additional information.  For example, the [image] button identifies a Legend describing features of the illustration it accompanies.  Clicking on the button will allow the Legend or Note to appear for you to study.

Color

Information of special importance has been indicated in this Help file by the use of colored text: blue for NOTE, red for CAUTION, and dark red for WARNING.  (If your system is equipped with a monochrome display, these colors will appear as BOLD text.)  You may find some of this colored text difficult to read if you have made changes in your Windows screen colors.  This problem can be solved by returning the color settings to one of the pre-defined Windows color sets while you are using the Help file.

Entire contents of this Help file copyright © 1995 Digital Equipment Corporation.


Introduction

The Starion Minitower PC computers are high-performance personal computers featuring the latest in computing technology.  They can be used as stand-alone computers or as clients in a network environment.  Developed using the following state-of-the-art technology, these computers are the most value packed Minitower computers in their class.  Note that your monitor, keyboard, and mouse might look different from the one shown.

•	Model Numbers
400i, 500i, 600i, 700i, 800i, and 900i

•	CPU Microprocessor Technology
Allows for potential future growth to higher performance processors with Power Grade

•	Plug and Play
Optional Plug and Play compatible expansion boards are automatically configured for easy installation

•	Power Management
Reduces your computer's energy consumption and operating costs

•	Onboard Video
S3 Trio 32 technology takes full advantage of CPU and power management features

•	Fax/Modem/Sound Board
Sofisticated FAX/data/voice modem and 16-bit FM synthesis sound card.

•	CD-ROM drive
Quad speed CD-ROM reader with industry standard IDE/ATAPI interface and audio
capability.

•	PCI Local Bus Technology
Highest performing 32-bit I/O bus on the market today


Related Material

Starion Minitower PC Quick Setup Guide	ER-902AA-IA.B01
Starion Minitower PC User's Guide	ER-902A2-UA.A01
ISA Configuration Utility (ICU) User's Guide	ER-PNPAL-UA
14.4 Kbps Fax Data Voice Sound Modem
      Installation and User's Guide	Boca Research P/N 9458G
FaxWorks User's Guide	Available Online
Sound Impression User's Guide	Available Online


System Components

Front Panel Controls and Indicators

Rear Panel Connectors

Component Locations

CD-ROM Drive

Drive Bays

Expansion Slots

Fax/Modem/Sound Card

Main Logic Board Components

Main Logic Board Connectors

Voltage Select Switch


Front Panel Controls and Indicators

To determine the purpose and function of a particular control or indicator on the front panel, click on the relevant portion of the illustration below.


CD-ROM drive

This is the factory installed CD-ROM drive for your multimedia computer.


internal drive bay

This is a hidden (internal) 3½-inch drive bay.  The computer's hard disk drive is typically installed in this space.


3½-inch diskette drive

This is the factory-installed 3½-inch diskette drive.


diskette access indicator

This indicator lights when the diskette drive is being accessed.


diskette eject button

Pressing this button releases a 3½-inch diskette inserted in the diskette drive.


power on/off button

This button turns ac power on and off.


power light

The power light is lit when the computer is on.


hard disk drive light

The hard disk drive light is lit when a hard disk drive is in use.


chassis lock

Locks the outside panels to prevent unauthorized access.


Rear Panel Connectors

To determine the purpose and function of a particular connector or switch on the rear panel, click on the relevant portion of the illustration below.


ac output connector

Allows users to connect a monitor to ac power.


ac line connector

Allows users to connect the computer to an ac power source.


mouse connector

Allows users to connect a PS/2 compatible mouse.


keyboard connector

Allows users to connect a 101-key or 102-key keyboard.


serial port connectors

These ports allow users to connect serial devices, such as an external modem.


analog video connector

Provides the interface between a video adapter and a supported monitor.  (This connector is found on PCI video cards such as Digital's 864/PCI Video Adapter card.)


parallel port connector

This port allows users to connect an industrystandard parallel printer.


ISA expansion slot

This slot allows users to install a full-length ISA expansion board.


PCI expansion slot

This slot allows users to install a half-length PCI expansion board.


ISA/PCI shared expansion slot

This slot allows users to install either a full-length ISA expansion board or a full-length PCI expansion board.


 Component Locations


 Legend - Component Locations

Legend	Component
A	Power supply
B	Main logic board
C	3½-inch diskette drive
D	CD-ROM drive
E	Front drive bays
F	Internal drive bay
G	Riser card; supports up to five expansion cards:  2 PCI and 3 ISA or 4 ISA and 1 PCI
H	FAX/Modem/Sound card


CD-ROM Drive

Starion Minitower PC computers include a double-speed CD-ROM drive with an industry-standard IDE/ATAPI interface and audio capability.  It is fully compatible with the Philips/Sony standards for Compact Disc and CD-ROM and supports both single and multi-session Photo CD (Orange Book) disc formats.

When operated with the proper software and hardware accessories, the CD-ROM reader meets or exceeds the requirements of the Multimedia PC Level2 (MPC2) specifications.

The front panel includes the drive activity indicator and open/close button, headset jack, and volume control/audio control buttons.

The drive activity indicator displays a green LED in several patterns to indicate the following reader operating conditions:

Pattern	Operating Condition
Activity indicator is off	No disc is present or the tray is not fully inserted or pushed in
Activity indicator illuminates solid green	A disc is in the drive; the drive is ready
Activity indicator flashes green	Data is being transferred or audio is playing


volume control/audio control buttons

The two volume control buttons can also be pressed simultaneously to start an audio CD or to skip a track on an audio CD.


CD-ROM headset jack

The headset jack allows you to use personal stereo headsets with your CD-ROM drive.


CD-ROM disk tray
CD-ROM disc tray

This is the disc carrier tray for the CD.


disk tray open/close button
disc tray open/close button

This button opens or closes the disc tray so you can insert or remove your CD.  It also contains the LED for the drive activity indicator.


Drive Bays

Your Starion Minitower PC computer contains five mass storage device bays:

•	The top device bay contains a factory-installed 3½-inch diskette drive.

•	The second device bay contains a factory-installed CD-ROM drive.

•	The third and fourth  device bays can hold 5¼-inch, half-height devices.  For example, a diskette drive or a hard disk drive.

•	The internal device bay is not accessible from the front of the computer and contains a factory-installed 3½-inch hard disk drive.


 Expansion Slots

The Starion Minitower PC riser card contains six slots for installing:

•	Three ISA expansion cards and two PCI expansion card or

•	Four ISA expansion card and one PCI expansion cards

Your computer automatically assigns the necessary resources to any installed Plug and Play-compatible expansion card so it operates at maximum performance.  If you plan on installing non-Plug and Play expansion cards, you might need to manually set jumpers on the board based on the computer resources already allocated.

The computer's ISA expansion slots support industry-standard full-length 16-bit expansion cards.  The PCI slots support full-length, 32-bit PCI local bus expansion cards.  Refer to the legend for more specific information.

NOTE
Only one expansion card can reside in slot J2 and J3 at any one time.  These slots share the middle expansion slot opening at the rear panel; thus, a maximum of three expansion cards can be supported at any one time

Refer to the on-line help information in the ICU.  You can access the ICU through the Digital group in the Program Manager.  Also, refer to the supplied ICU Users Guide or any additional Plug and Play documentation that came with your computer.


 Legend - Expansion Slots

Expansion Slot Number	Slot Type	Rear Panel Location
J1 - J3	ISA (full-length)	Support industry-standard, 16-bit ISA expansion cards
J4	ISA (full-length)	Supports industry-standard, 16-bit ISA expansion card Designated as a shared slot with PCI slot J5
J5	PCI (full-length)	Supports 32-bit PCI local bus expansion card Designated as a shared slot with ISA slot J4
J6	PCI (half-length)	Supports 32-bit PCI local bus expansion card


Fax/Modem/Sound Board
Fax/Modem/Sound Card

Starion Minitower PC computers include a sophisticated fax/modem/sound card which combines telecommunications capability with 16-bit FM synthesis on a single internal ISA expansion board.  The card's fax, data, and voice communications capabilities enable users to send and receive faxes and receive telephone messages directly on the computer.  It also offers CD-quality music synthesis and digital audio recording and playback.

See Configuring the Fax/Modem/Sound Card.


phone jack

Allows you to connect the fax/modem/sound board to a telephone line, enabling you to use the card's fax/modem features.


mic jack

Allows you to connect a monaural microphone to the fax/modem/sound card.


audio input jack

Allows you to connect an external audio source to the fax/modem/sound card.


audio output jack

Allows you to connect external stereo speakers to your fax/modem/sound card.


game port

Allows you to connect a joystick, MIDI interface, or other game device to the fax/modem/sound card.


Fax/Modem/Sound Board Features
Fax/Modem/Sound Card Features

Features of the fax/modem/sound card include:

•	14,400 bps internal Hayes-compatible fax/modem (V.32bis)

•	Error correction (V.42) and data compression (V.42bis)

•	Fax capability directly from Microsoft® Windows™ 3.1 applications

•	Digital telephone answering machine

•	16-bit stereo recording at 11 kHz, 22 kHz, and 44 kHz sampling

•	16-bit stereo playback at 8 kHz to 44 kHz sampling rates

•	Supports Windows Sound System

•	Support Sound Blaster™ and Sound Blaster Pro™ sound standards

This card works with two software packages already installed on the computer:
MaxFax (integrated fax and voice message application for Windows)
ESS Audio Applications (a Windows multimedia application suite).

NOTE:
Use of the modem requires the factory-installed Claris Communications Terminal, Microsoft Windows Terminal or a third-party software package. Also, Digital recommends setting the modem type to Hayes compatible.


Configuring the Fax/Modem/Sound Board
Configuring the Fax/Modem/Sound Card

The fax/modem/sound card's operating configuration is defined by a series of jumper settings.  These settings are described in the following topics.  Recommended telecommunications software settings are also provided.

Modem Settings

Telecommunications Software Settings

Sound Card Settings

Disabling Fax/Modem/Sound Card Features


Modem Settings

The modem must be configured to operate using a specific serial (COM) port and interrupt request line (IRQ).  This is done using the board's JB2 jumper block, containing jumpers J1 through J10. Factory default settings are given in blue.

Serial Port	Jumpers
COM1	J8, J10 jumpered
COM2	J8-J9 jumpered
COM3	J7, J10 jumpered
COM4	J7, J9 jumpered
IRQ Setting	Jumpers
IRQ3	J1 jumpered
IRQ4	J2 jumpered
IRQ5	J3 jumpered
IRQ7	J4 jumpered
IRQ10	J5 jumpered
IRQ11	J6 jumpered


Telecommunications Software Settings

The following settings are recommended to allow the factory-installed fax/modem/sound card to work effectively with telecommunications software.   Refer to appropriate telecommunications software documentation for information on configuring the software to these specifications.

Setting	Value
Baud Rate	19,200
Parity	None (N)
Data Bits	8
Stop Bits	1
Flow Control	RTS/CTS


Sound Card Settings

Sound card settings are defined using the board's JB1 jumper block, containing jumpers J1 through J14.  Factory-default settings are given in blue.

I/O Address

I/O Address	Jumpers
220	J2, J4 jumpered
230	J2-J3 jumpered
240	J1, J4 jumpered
250	J1, J3 jumpered
IRQ Setting

IRQ Setting	Jumpers
IRQ5	J6-J7 jumpered
IRQ7	J5, J8 jumpered
IRQ9	J6, J8 jumpered
IRQ10	J5, J7 jumpered
DMA Channel

DMA Channel	Jumpers
0	J10-J11 jumpered
1	J9, J12 jumpered
3	J9, J11 jumpered
none	J10, J12 jumpered


Disabling Fax/Modem/Sound Board Features
Disabling Fax/Modem/Sound Card Features

It might be necessary to disable certain functions of the factory-installed fax/modem/sound card to allow a separately installed joystick, modem, and/or sound card to operate correctly.  The following jumper settings can be used for this purpose.  Factory default settings are given in blue.

Feature	Jumper Block	Setting	Jumper
Joystick	JB1	Enabled Disabled	J13 jumpered J14 jumpered
Fax/Modem	JB4	Enabled Disabled	J1 jumpered J2 jumpered
Sound	JB5	Enabled Disabled	J1 jumpered J2 jumpered


 Main Logic Board Components


 Legend - Main Logic Board Components

Legend	Component
A	Real-Time Clock (RTC)/computer battery
B	ROM BIOS
C	VGA (Video) BIOS
D	Voltage regulator
E	Microprocessor (CPU )
F	Onboard main memory (DRAM)
G	Riser card
H	Onboard video memory


 Main Logic Board Connectors


 Legend - Main Logic Board Connectors

Legend	Component
A	Riser card
B	Diskette drive
C	DC power supply
D	PCI IDE drive
E	ISA IDE drive
F	CPU socket
G	Power ON LED
H	HDD access LED
I	RESET switch
J	Two 72-pin, 36-bit SIMM sockets
K	Voltage regulator
L	VGA feature connector (output only)
M	Video (VGA) port
N	Parallel port
O	Serial ports
P	Mouse and keyboard


Voltage Select Switch

In most cases, your computers voltage select switch is set at the factory for the proper ac input power source available in your specific country.

	CAUTION The voltage selection switch must match the voltage supplied by your power outlet. In North America 115 volts is common. In other countries 230 volts is common. Ensure that the voltage selection switch is set to the correct voltage. If it is not set correctly, you can damage your computer.


System Features

Power Management

PCI Features

Plug and Play

Onboard Video


Power Management

The Digital Power Management technology enables you to reduce your computers power consumption during system inactivity.  These options can be selected in Setup and include:

•	System standby timeouts

•	System suspend timeouts

•	Suspend lock system

•	Quick Suspend

For more information on accessing and selecting these Power Management options, refer to Power Options and to the supplied DOS/Windows documentation.

NOTE
The monitor and hard disk drive must be Energy Star devices to use any of the monitor and disk drive power saving features contained in Power Management.

The computer also comes with DOS-based power-managed drivers.  Refer to your DOS and Windows information.


PCI Features

The PCI architecture used in Starion Minitower PC computers represents the latest in local bus technology.  It delivers maximum computer performance by providing a wider data path, greater speed, and improved expandability.  Simply put, PCI removes various types of peripheral controllers from the slower ISA and EISA buses and connects them directly to a faster 32-bit data path.  This results in a faster 32-bit I/O bus for devices such as SCSI controllers and high-end video adapters.

•	Highest performing bus on the market today

•	Offers the best expandability for high-performance peripheral devices

•	Supports multiple bus masters

•	32-bit data transfer at 132 MB per second (maximum)

•	PCI-to-ISA bridge circuitry allows continued use of existing ISA expansion boards on the market that do not require the high data transfer rate of PCI


Plug and Play

Plug and Play technology eliminates the process of manually configuring optional expansion boards for operation in Starion Minitower PC computers.  With Plug and Play, the computers BIOS and the hardware logic built into Plug and Play expansion boards work together to automatically assign interrupt requests (IRQs), I/O and memory addresses, and DMA channels for optimum performance.

Plug and Play also makes installing non-Plug and Play expansion boards (referred to as legacy boards) much easier.  However, the ISA Configuration Utility (ICU) supplied with the computer must be used to correctly assign system resources when legacy ISA cards are installed.

Refer to the ICU on-line help information.  You can access the ICU through the Digital group in the Program Manager  Also, refer to the supplied ICU Users Guide and any additional Plug and Play documentation that came with your computer.


Onboard Video

The computer offers high-performance, 32-bit video memory interfacing.  This allows for faster data transfers between supported CPUs and memory as well as high-speed screen refresh capabilities.  Major features include:

•	Graphical User Interface (GUI) Accelerator
A high-performance DRAM-based 32-bit GUI accelerator used to speed up graphical applications running under Windows, Lotus, AutoCad, etc

•	PCI Local Bus Video Interface
A 32-bit PCI local bus provides a no-wait-state, read/write cycle operating up to 33 MHz to improve video performance.

•	Video Memory
1 MB video memory is standard.

•	RAMDAC Support
The RAMDAC increases video speed and can display up to 24 bits per pixel (16.8 million) true colors.

•	Monitor Timing Modes
The latest 75 Hz monitor timing modes.

•	Display Power Management Signaling (DPMS) Support
Full Advanced Power Management support.

•	Feature Connector
A 26-pin feature connector.  This output-only connector can be used with multimedia options.

NOTE
Operation with a video card attached to the VGA feature connector is restricted to applications that do not write the palette.  For operation, you must enable the VGA feature connector at the BIOS Setup menu.


Security Features

Computer security is important to prevent theft or accidental loss of computer software and hardware.  Starion Minitower PC computers (Model Numbers; 400i/500i/600i/700i/800i/900i) provide the following levels of protection:

Diskette Write Protection

Reminder Messages

Supervisor and User Password


Diskette Write Protection

To prevent information on the computer´s hard disk drive from being copied to a diskette drive, the BIOS Setup utility can be used to set the diskette drive to a write-protected state.  In this state, the computer will read information from diskettes inserted into diskette drive(s), but no information can be copied from the computer´s memory or hard disk drive onto diskettes.

	CAUTION Consider security needs carefully before using this option. While this option is enabled, the contents of the hard disk drive cannot be backed up to diskettes, the "Driver Disks"  utility in "Getting Started" cannot be used, and the computer cannot be booted from a diskette drive.
Perform the following steps to enable diskette drive write protection:

1.	Reboot the computer.

2.	After the POST has successfully completed, press [F2] to access Setup.

The Setup main menu appears on the screen.

3.	Highlight the Advanced Options menu and then press [Enter].

4.	Highlight the Diskette Write Protect field and select Enabled.

5.	Press [Esc] twice then [Enter] twice to exit the BIOS Setup utility and to reboot the computer so changes immediately take effect.

Your computer´s installed diskette drive(s) have been set to the write-protected state.

To disable diskette drive write-protection, follow the above procedure, selecting Disabled instead of Enabled in step 4.


Reminder Messages

Starion Minitower PC computers can be configured to periodically remind users to back up the hard disk drive and/or check for the presence of computer viruses in the system.

Note that the computer does not automatically back up software or check for viruses as a result of enabling these options.  These tasks must be performed using appropriate software.

Refer to MS-DOS/Windows documentation for information on the backup and virus software incorporated into MS-DOS and Windows.

To configure the reminder message options:

1.	Reboot the computer.

2.	Before POST completes, press [F2] to access Setup.

The Setup main menu appears on the screen.

3.	Highlight the Security menu and then press [Enter].

4.	Highlight the System Backup Reminder field.

5.	Select either the Disabled option or a reminder frequency setting (Daily, Weekly, or Monthly) and then press [Enter].

6.	Highlight the Virus Check Reminder field.

7.	Select either the Disabled option or a reminder frequency setting (Daily, Weekly, or Monthly) and then press [Enter].

8.	Press [Esc] twice then [Enter] twice to exit the BIOS Setup utility and to reboot the computer so changes immediately take effect.

Your computer runs POST, and prompts you for a supervisor or user password if you have set one.


Supervisor and User Password

Starion Minitower PC computers have two password levels that can be set to prevent unauthorized access to computer files or to the BIOS Setup utility.  If a supervisor and/or user password is set, the computer will ask that a password be entered prior to accessing the BIOS Setup utility.  If "Password On Boot" is enabled, a password must be entered before the operating system boots.

A supervisor password is required to set a user password.  If the supervisor password is later deleted, the user password is also removed.

Perform the following steps to set a supervisor and user password:

1.	Reboot the computer.

2.	After the POST has successfully completed, press [F2] to access Setup.

The Setup main menu appears on the screen.

3.	Highlight the Security menu and then press [Enter].

4.	Highlight the Set Supervisor Password field and then press [Enter].

5.	Type in a supervisor password and then press [Enter].

To confirm, type in the supervisor password a second time and then press [Enter].

6.	If desired, set a user password.

Highlight the Set User Password field and then follow the method described in steps 4 and 5.

7.	Highlight the Password On Boot field and select Enabled if desired.

8.	Highlight the Diskette Access field.

9.	Select either the Supervisor or User option and then press [Enter].

10.	Press [Esc] twice then [Enter] twice to exit the BIOS Setup utility and to reboot the computer so changes immediately take affect.

The computer runs the POST and then asks for the password which has just been set.


BIOS Setup Utility

These Help topics provide information on how to configure the computer using the BIOS Setup utility.  If the computer was delivered with factory-installed software, it has already been configured.

Running the BIOS Setup Utility

Navigating in the BIOS Setup Utility

BIOS Setup Utility Options

Main Menu Options

Advanced Options

Security Options

Power Options


Running the BIOS Setup Utility

The BIOS Setup utility is used to specify operating settings and to permanently store information about the computer's hardware and software in the battery-backed memory of the CMOS RAM.  This information takes effect each time the computer boots and can be changed each time the Setup utility is run.

Use the BIOS Setup utility to resolve problems with the hard disk or to reconfigure the computer.  In addition, the BIOS Setup utility might need to be used to modify the configuration after adding or removing hardware, or when certain computer settings are changed.

To run the BIOS Setup utility, perform the following steps:

1.	Turn on the computer and allow the power on self test (POST) to complete.

2.	Make a note of any configuration errors listed, then press [F2] to display the main menu.

3.	Follow the instructions on the monitor screen and any on-line help pop-up screens to configure the computer.


Navigating in the BIOS Setup Utility

Below are some helpful hints for navigating in the BIOS Setup utility.

Shortcut Keys
Several keyboard function keys and numeric keypad keys are programmed to automatically select menus and sub-menus, options, change option values, and display help information.  These keys are displayed at the bottom of the main menu and from the General Help pop-up screen.

Item-Specific Help
Item-specific help is available at any time during the setup process and appears at the right of the setup screen each time an option is highlighted.  This on-line help provides information about a highlighted option.

Navigating Between Menus
Press [Esc] to exit a sub-menu and return to the main menu.
Press [Esc] from the main menu to go to the exit menu.

Exit Menu Options

•	Select Save Changes & Exit to save all Setup values.

•	Select Discard Changes & Exit to exit Setup without recording any changes.

•	Select Get Default Values to set all Setup options to their default values.

•	Select Load Previous Changes to restore all CMOS values from the last session.

•	Select Save Changes to save all selections without exiting Setup.

•	Press [Esc] to exit the Setup utility.


BIOS Setup Utility Options

The following Help topics list the BIOS options that can be updated or modified by using the BIOS Setup utility, according to the various sub-menus under which they appear.

NOTE
In some cases, options might be listed in a different order than they actually appear in the sub-menus.

•	Main Menu Options
sets basic computer configuration options (time, date, video, etc.)

Hard Disk Options

Memory and Cache

Boot Options

Keyboard Features

•	Advanced Options
sets advanced features to increase computer performance (COM ports, LPT port, etc.)

Integrated Peripherals

Advanced Chipset Control

•	Security Options
sets passwords and backup data reminders

NOTE
Once a supervisor password is set, some BIOS Setup utility options cannot be changed unless the supervisor password is entered.

•	Power Options
sets power saving options to increase the life of your computer

•	Exit
provides options for saving changes and leaving BIOS Setup (refer to Navigating in the BIOS Setup Utility for additional information)


Main Menu Options

Hard Disk Options

Memory and Cache

Boot Options

Keyboard Features

Menu Fields	Settings	Comments
System time	Current time	Displays the current time.
System date	Current date	Displays the current date.
Language	English	This field only displays the current language of the BIOS
Diskette drive A  Diskette drive B	1.44 MB, 3½ 2.88 MB, 3½ Not Installed 1.2 MB, 5¼ 720 KB, 3½	Sets the size and density of diskette drives.
Video system	EGA / VGA CGA 80x25 Monochrome	Sets the video controller type.
System memory	Not user selectable	Displays the amount of base (conventional) memory each time the computer boots.
Extended memory	Not user selectable	Displays the amount of extended memory each time the computer boots.


NOTE

This setting cannot be changed in Setup.  The BIOS Setup utility supports only one language per computer.


Hard Disk Options

(IDE Adapter 0/1 Master/Slave)

Menu Fields	Settings	Comments
Autotype fixed disk		Press [Enter] to detect and fill in the installed hard disk drive parameters in the remaining fields.
Type	None to 39 User	Selecting None to 39 automatically fills in the remaining fields in this menu. Selecting User allows the remaining fields to be filled in manually, using the installed hard disk drives parameters.
Cylinders	0 to 4095	Displays the number of cylinders.
Heads	1 to 64	Displays the number of heads.
Sectors/track	0 to 63	Displays the number of sectors/track.
Landing Zone	0 to 4095	Displays the resting or park position of the heads when the HDD is inactive.
Write precomp	0 to 4095 None	Displays the number of cylinders that have their write timing changed.
Multi-sector transfers	2 sectors 4 sectors 8 sectors 16 sectors Auto Disabled	Determines the number of sectors per block for multiple sector transfers. Auto refers to the size the disk returns when queried.
LBA control mode	Disabled Enabled	Enabling LBA causes logical block addressing to be used instead of cylinders, heads, and sectors.
32 Bit I/O	Enabled Disabled	Enables or disables 32-Bit data transfer with the IDE HDD.  If enabled, Read Ahead Mode is also enabled and cannot be changed by the user.
Transfer Mode	Standard Fast PIO1 Fast PIO2 Fast PIO3	Selects the method to transfer data to and from the HDD.  If autotype is used to identify the HDD,  Setup automatically selects the optimum transfer mode.
Read Ahead Mode	Enabled Disabled	When enabled, the read ahead buffer in the local bus IDE controller increases HDD performance.  Enabled is selected automatically if 32-Bit I/O is enabled.


Notes
NOTE

These fields are automatically filled in if the computer auto-detected an installed hard disk drive 49.  Incorrect settings can cause the computer to malfunction.


NOTE

These fields are automatically filled in if the computer auto-detected an installed hard disk drive 49.


NOTE

This option allows you to select Disabled for IDE hard disk drives up to 528 MB.  When using IDE drives greater than 528 MB and MS-DOS or any version of Windows as your operating system, select Enabled.  Select Disabled for all other operating systems.


NOTE

The Enabled setting is recommended when using the PCI IDE connector.


Memory and Cache

Menu Fields	Settings	Comments
Internal cache	Enabled Disabled	Enables or disables the computer's internal cache.
External cache	Enabled Disabled	External cache is not present or upgradeable on Starion 200i/300i systems.
System BIOS shadow	Not user selectable, permanently set to Enabled.	The main logic board reserves an area of DRAM, called "shadow memory" for a copy of system BIOS ROM.  This DRAM is write-protected and has the same addresses as the system BIOS ROM locations.  When system BIOS ROM is shadowed, the ROM information is copied into an appropriate area in DRAM.  This increases the computer's performance because the system BIOS instructions are in fast DRAM instead of ROM.
Cache system BIOS	Enabled Disabled	This option enables the system BIOS to be cached in the internal cache and external cache (if installed).  This increases computer performance because BIOS instructions can be executed in cache instead of RAM.
Video BIOS shadow	Enabled Disabled	The main logic board reserves an area of DRAM, called "shadow Memory", for a copy of video BIOS ROM.  This DRAM is write-protected and has the same addresses as the video BIOS ROM locations.  When video BIOS ROM is shadowed, the ROM information is copied into an appropriate area in DRAM.  This increases the computer's performance because the video BIOS instructions are in fast DRAM instead of ROM. For PCI VGA cards, video BIOS is always shadowed, regardless of this fields setting.
Cache video BIOS	Enabled Disabled	This option enables the video BIOS to be cached in the internal cache and external cache (if installed).  This increases computer performance because video BIOS instructions can be executed in cache instead of RAM.
Shadow 16K at:    C8000h   CC000h   D0000h   D4000h   D8000h   DC000h	Enabled Disabled	Enables or disables shadowing of individual segments of ROM to increase computer performance.
AT bus space	Disabled	Memory hole not available; upper memory is contiguous.
	F80000h, 0.5 MB	Sets the memory hole at address F80000 with 0.5 MB memory available.
	F00000h, 1 MB	Sets the memory hole at address F00000 with 1 MB memory available.
Extended memory report	Compatibility Non-   compatibility	Selects the BIOS report mechanism for memory amount. Select Compatibility when using a conventional operating system. Select Non-compatibility for extended memory above 64 MB under Windows NT  v3.1.


NOTE

The computers internal cache is integral to the CPU.


CAUTION

Some option ROMs do not operate properly when shadowed.


Boot Options

Menu Fields	Settings	Comments
Boot sequence	A: only A: then C: C: then A: C: only	Each time the computer boots, it will load the operating system from the sequence selected.
SETUP prompt	Enabled Disabled	Enables or disables the <F2> Setup prompt each time the computer boots. Selecting Disable only disables the prompt indicating when to press <F2> to enter Setup.  You can still enter Setup by pressing <F2> before POST completes.
POST errors	Enabled Disabled	Enabling this option causes the computer to pause and display a setup entry or resume the boot prompt if an error occurs at boot. If this option is disabled, the computer will always attempt to boot regardless of a setup entry or error.
Floppy check	Enabled Disabled	Enabling this option causes the computer to verify the diskette type each time the computer boots. Disabling this option speeds up the boot process.
Quiet boot	Enabled Disabled	Enabled inhibits the display of POST messages and instead displays the Digital logo.  Disabled allows the display of POST messages when booting.
Summary screen	Enabled Disabled	Enabling this option causes the computer to display configuration parameters (in the form of a summary screen) during boot.


Keyboard Features

Menu Fields	Settings	Comments
Numlock	Auto On Off	Turns Numlock on or off each time the computer boots.
Key click	Disabled Enabled	Enables or disables the audible key click feature.
Keyboard auto-repeat rate	2/sec 6/sec 10/sec 13.3/sec 18.5/sec 21.8/sec 26.7/sec 30/sec	Sets the number of times a second to repeat a keystroke while the key is held down.
Keyboard auto-repeat delay	1/4 sec 1/2 sec 3/4 sec 1 sec	Sets the delay time after a key is held down before it begins to repeat a keystroke.


NOTE

If Auto is selected, the computer will turn on Numlock if it detects a numeric keypad.


Advanced Options

Integrated Peripherals

Advanced Chipset Control

Menu Fields	Settings	Comments
Large disk access mode	DOS Other	Select DOS if MS-DOS is installed. Select Other if another operating system is installed. A large disk drive constitutes one that has more than 1024 cylinders, 16 heads, or 63 tracks per sector.


Integrated Peripherals

Menu Fields	Settings	Comments
Mouse port	Disabled Enabled	Enables or disables the mouse port.
Parallel port	Auto Disabled 3BC, IRQ 7 378, IRQ 7 278, IRQ 5	Enables or disables the onboard port at the specified address.
Parallel port mode		Sets the onboard parallel port mode.
	Compatible	Standard printer connection.
	Bi-directional	PS/2 compatible mode and able to receive data.
Serial port 1	Auto Disabled 3F8, IRQ 4 2F8, IRQ 3 3E8, IRQ 4 2E8, IRQ 3	Enables or disables onboard serial port 1 at the specified address. Select Auto unless interrupts IRQ4 and/or IRQ3 are allocated as a computer resource. Two devices cannot share the same IRQ.  Choosing Disable makes serial port 1 unusable.  If Auto is selected, Setup configures COM1 to address = 3F8h and IRQ = 4.
Serial port 2	Auto Disabled 3F8, IRQ 4 2F8, IRQ 3 3E8, IRQ 4 2E8, IRQ 3	Enables or disables onboard serial port 2 at the specified address. Select Auto unless interrupts IRQ4 and/or IRQ3 are allocated as a computer resource. Two devices cannot share the same IRQ.  Choosing Disable makes serial port 2 unusable.  If Auto is selected, Setup configures COM2 to address = 2F8h and  IRQ = 3.
Diskette controller	Enabled Disabled	Enables or disables the onboard diskette controller.
Exchange diskette drives	Disabled Enabled	Logically exchanges physical diskette drive designations.
Diskette write protection	Disabled Enabled	Enables or disables the selected diskette drives write protect option.
IDE adapter 0 IDE adapter 1	Enabled Disabled	Enables or disables the onboard IDE 0/1 controller.  Note that both must be enabled for proper system operation.


NOTE

Two devices cannot share the same IRQ.  Also, choosing Disabled makes the parallel port unusable.


Advanced Chipset Control

	CAUTION The following advanced chipset control options should normally stay at their default values. Change them only if necessary to correct specific operating problems or errors.
Menu Fields	Settings	Comments
PCI Slot 1 Latency Timer	Default 08h - F8h	Select Default or a value from 08h to F8h to set the PCI devices latency timer.  Default uses the PCI devices power on setting.
PCI Slot 2 Latency Timer	Default 08h - F8h	Select Default or a value from 08h to F8h to set the PCI devices latency timer.  Default uses the PCI devices power on setting.
VGA palette snoop	Enabled Disabled Default	This option controls how VGA devices handle accesses to their palette areas.  Enabling this option causes special palette behavior (a device must not respond to normal accesses).  Disabling this option causes a device to treat palette accesses like any other device access. Enable VGA Palette Snoop when a second video adapter is connected to the feature connector of the installed VGA adapter for multi-media devices.
VGA feature connector	Enabled Disabled	The VGA feature connector is used for special-purpose multimedia applications.  Set to Enabled to use this feature
Monitor type	Auto Mono Color	Set to Color or Mono if auto-detection fails.
Onboard VGA IRQ	Auto Enabled Disabled	If an additional video card is installed, this must be set to Disabled.


CAUTION

The PCI arbiter priority selection for factory installed PCI expansion boards should stay at the factory default settings.  Modification to the default settings can cause computer failure.


Security Options

Menu Fields	Settings	Comments
Supervisor password is	Not user selectable	Indicates whether or not the supervisor's password is enabled or disabled.
User password is	Not user selectable	Indicates whether or not the user's password is enabled or disabled.
Set supervisor password	Press [Enter]	Allows a supervisor password to be set. The supervisor password must be set if a user password is to be used. When the supervisor later enters his or her password, all user selectable features are accessible.
Set user password	Press [Enter]	Allows a user password to be set. This password can be set only if a supervisor password is entered. When the user has entered his or her name but the supervisor is not logged in, only the following information is accessible: Supervisor password is Enabled. User password is Enabled. Set user password [press enter] to enter a user password. Password on boot Enabled/Disabled (whichever    is  in effect).  This option is not allowed to change. Custom sign-on banner Enabled/Disabled (whichever is in effect).  This option is not allowed to change.
Password on boot	Enabled Disabled	Enables or disables the enter password on boot option.
Custom sign-on banner is	Disabled (Not user selectable)	Indicates whether the custom sign-on banner is enabled or disabled.
Custom sign-on banner		Press [Enter] to enter a custom sign-on banner that displays during POST. For example, the user might enter Welcome to Johns machine.  Up to two lines of text, each containing up to 50 characters, can be entered.
Diskette access	Supervisor User	Controls who has access to diskette drives. If Supervisor  is selected, access to the diskette drive is limited to the supervisor, who must enter his or her password.  If User is selected, the diskette drive can be accessed by entering either the supervisor or the user password. Whatever setting is chosen, it only becomes functional if both a Supervisor Password and a User Password have been set (if you choose User for the setting).
Fixed disk boot sector	Normal Write protect	Write protects the boot sector on your hard disk drive.
Network server	Enabled Disabled	This option keeps the computer from being accessed during network operation.
Keyboard quick lock	Enabled Disabled	When enabled, the keyboard will be quick locked.
System backup reminder	Disabled Daily Weekly Monthly	Enables or disables the system backup reminder message.
Virus check reminder	Disabled Daily Weekly Monthly	Enables or disables the virus check reminder message.


NOTE

Entering Setup with a supervisor password provides full access to all BIOS Setup utility menus.


NOTE

Entering Setup with a user password restricts access to certain BIOS Setup utility menus.

Also, this option requires prior setting of the supervisor password.


NOTE

This option requires prior setting of the supervisor/user password.


Power Options

Menu Fields	Settings	Comments
Power management	Enabled Disabled	Enable this field to use any of the power management options.  If this field is enabled and the other fields are disabled, only minimal power reduction is affected.
System standby timer	Disabled   1 min.   5 min.  10 min.  20 min.  30 min.	After a set period of computer inactivity, the BIOS places the computer in a standby state (medium power savings), that is, the Energy Star-compatible monitor and hard disk are set to a medium power-saving state.  Any mouse or keyboard activity quickly returns the computer to operation. Disabling this option prevents this feature from operating. Power management must be enabled to use this option.
System suspend timer	Disabled  1 hour  1.5 hours  2 hours  3 hours  6 hours 12 hours	After a set period of computer inactivity, the BIOS places the computer in a suspend state (maximum power savings), that is, the Energy Star-compatible monitor, hard disk, CPU and fan are shut off. If a timer is set for the field, set Power Management to Enabled. Disabling this option prevents this feature from operating. Power management must be enabled to use this option.
Suspend Lock system	No Yes	When enabled, the system locks the keyboard and the mouse until the power-on password is entered.
Quick suspend	Disabled User-selected   key sequence	Selects the key combination used to put the system in suspend mode.


System Specifications

Standard Computer Features

Standard Slots and Ports

Storage Bay Features


Standard Computer Features

IDE	Dual IDE controller -  supports 4 drives and 32-bit accesses under Windows
Diskette	Dual diskette controller - supports 2 drives:  720 KB, 1.44 MB, and 2.88 MB 3½-inch drive, and 360 KB, 1.2 MB 5¼-inch drive
CD-ROM	Quad-speed CD-ROM reader -  IDE/ATAPI interface and audio capability.  Supports single and multi-session Photo CD disc formats.


Storage Bay Features

Front access	diskette drive: 1 - 3½-inch) 1-inch high CD-ROM drive: 1 - 5¼-inch half-height bay
Internal	2 - 3½-inch, half-height bay (hidden)
See also:	 Front Panel Controls and Indicators


Standard Slots and Ports

Expansion slots	1 ISA slots and 2 PCI 32-bit local bus slots or 2 ISA slots and 1 PCI 32-bit local bus slots
Serial COMM ports	2 serial ports - 16550 compatible
Printer port	1 parallel (bi-directional)
Mouse	PS/2 compatible
Keyboard	PS/2 compatible
See also:	Expansion Slots
Rear Panel Connectors


Technical Specifications

These topics provide information about the technical characteristics of the Starion Desktop PC computer.

Computer Specifications

CPU Specifications

Computer Performance Specifications

Computer Dimensions

Computer Environmental Specifications

ISA Expansion Slots

PCI Local Bus Expansion Slots

Power Supply and Input Power

Nominal Current Requirements

CD-ROM Specifications

Power Cord Specifications

Main Logic Board Jumpers

Main Logic Board Jumper Settings


Computer Specifications

These topics provide information about the physical and technical specifications of the Starion Desktop PC computer.

CPU Specifications

Computer Performance Specifications

Computer Dimensions

Computer Environmental Specifications


CPU Specifications

Feature	Specification
Type/speed	Pentium CPU at 75 MHz
Wait state	3,2,2,1 at 75 MHz, 256 KB cache 1 wait state for writes
Internal cache	16 KB


Computer Performance Specifications

Attributes	Specification
Bus clock	7.5/8.33 MHz
Data I/O    ISA    PCI	8-bit and 16-bit 32-bit
Main logic board DRAM	8 MB standard up to 128 MB (using 64MB SIMMs)
System BIOS	128 KB flash ROM
VGA BIOS	32 KB ROM


Computer Dimensions

Dimension	Specification
Width	366 mm (14.4 in)
Length	415.04 mm (16.34 in)
Height	106.93 mm (4.21 in)
Weight	8.2 kg (18.08 lb.)


Computer Environmental Specifications

Attributes	Specification
Operating temperature	10°C to 40°C (50°F to 104°F)
Storage temperature	−20°C to 65°C (−4°F to 149°F)
Operating humidity (noncondensing)	20% to 80% relative humidity,  maximum wet bulb 40 °C  (104 °F)
Storage humidity (noncondensing)	10% to 90% relative humidity,  maximum wet bulb 65°C  (149°F)
Altitude   Operating   Nonoperating	4,176 m (12,000 ft) maximum 4,876 m (16,000 ft) maximum
Shipping vibration	IAW Federal Standard 101, method 5019
Nonoperating shock	30 G, 25 ms halfsine


ISA Expansion Slots

The main logic board riser card contains two ISA expansion slots.  The maximum available +5 V dc current allowable to any expansion slot depends upon the following parameters:

•	Power supply capacity

•	The +5 V dc requirements of the main logic board and CPU module

•	The +5 V dc requirements of the peripherals

•	The power demands of all other slots in use


PCI Local Bus Expansion Slots

The main logic board riser card contains two PCI local bus expansion slots.  These slots support:

•	5 V dc only PCI expansion boards

•	Standard power PCI expansion slots (up to 15 watts)

•	Bus mastering


Power Supply and Input Power Requirements

The 300W input switchable power supply provides four dc voltages: +12 V dc,
−12 V dc, +5 V dc, and −5 V dc.  These voltages are used by the various components within the computer.  Rated input current includes outlet current.

Computer Input Power Requirements

Rated  Voltage Range	Maximum Range	Rated Input Current	Operating Frequency Range
100 V ac - 120 V ac	90 V ac  - 135 V ac	5 A	47 Hz - 63 Hz
220 V ac - 240 V ac	180 V ac - 265 V ac	2.5 A	47 Hz - 63 Hz


Nominal Current Requirements

Starion Desktop PC computers provide the following nominal current requirements:

•	+5 V dc	2 A min, 13 A max.

•	+12 V dc	0 A min, 3.5 A max.

•	-5 V dc	0 A min, 0.3 A max.

•	−12 V dc 	0 A min, 0.3 A max.


CD-ROM Specifications

Starion Minitower PC computers have an installed quad-speed CD-ROM reader with an industry-standard IDE/ATAPI interface and audio capability.  The following sections describe its operational characteristics.

Operating Specifications

CD-ROM Configuration


Operating Specifications

Characteristics	Description
Disk format	Audio:  red book Data disc:  yellow book (Mode-1 and Mode-2), orange book (read only)
Data capacity	User data block size (12 cm disc) Mode-1:  540 Mb/disc Mode-2:  630 Mb/disc
Audio features	Channels:  2 Sampling frequency:  44.1 kHz Quantization:  1 bit (16-bit linear equivalent
Transfer rate	Average sustained transfer rate: 4X:   Mode-1 600 Kb/sec Mode-2 700 Kb/sec Burst: 3.4 Mb/sec (IDE 16-bit PIO mode)
Data buffer	128 Kb
Acoustic noise	40 dB (A) maximum at 1 meter
Audio output	Audio output: 0.80 Vrms typ, at 10 Kohms Headphone output terminal: 3.5 mm diameter stero phonejack, adjustable output level, output 0.45 Vrms typ, at 32 ohms
Operating position	Horizontal
Operating temperature	5 ° to 40 °C (41 ° to 104 °F)
Operating humidity	20 %  to 85 % (No condensation)


Rear Panel

Legend	Description
A	Audio out connector
B	Configuration block
C	Interface connector
D	Power connector


CD-ROM Configuration

The CD-ROM comes pre-configured at the factory and is ready for use.  However,to change how the CD-ROM was pre-configured, select the desired option(s) from the information listed in the following table.  Also, see rear panel for the configuration block location.

Block Jumper	Description
CS	If a jumper is used here an exclusive interface cable is necessary.
SL	Slave, the CD-ROM drive is used as a slave (default).
MA	Master, the CD-ROM drive is used as a master.


Power Cord Specifications

	WARNING Do not attempt to modify or use an external 100 V ac (Japan only) or 115 V ac power cord for 220-240 V ac input power.  Modifying either power cord can cause personal injury and severe equipment damage.
An ac power cord is supplied with the computer.  Carefully inspect it and make sure it is the correct one for your country or region based on the criteria listed below.  If you feel the supplied ac power cord is incorrect, replace it with the correct power cord.

The power cord used with this computer must meet the following criteria:

•	UL and CSA Certified cordage rated for use at 250 V ac with a current rating that is at least 125% of the current rating of the product.  In Europe, the cordage must have the <HAR> mark.

•	The ac plug is terminated in a grounding-type male plug designed for use in the region.  It must also have marks showing certification by an agency acceptable in the region.

•	The connector at the computer end is an IEC type CEE-22 female connector.

•	The maximum cord length is 4.5 meters (14.5 feet).


Main Logic Board Jumpers

The illustration shows the locations of the main logic board jumper pins.  Note that the square pin of each jumper block is pin 1.

See the table in Main Logic Board Jumper Settings for a list of the main logic board jumpers and factory-default settings.

	CAUTION Do not touch any electronic component unless you are safely grounded.  Wear a grounded wrist strap or touch an exposed metal part of the system box chassis.  A static discharge from your fingers can result in permanent damage to electronic components.
See also:	Main Logic Board Jumper Settings


Main Logic Board Jumper Settings

Factory default settings are listed in blue.

Feature	Description	Setting
CPU clock	75 MHz 90 MHz 100 MHz	J22, open J21, open J22, open J21, jumpered J22, jumpered J21, jumpered
CPU core/bus frequency	3/2 2/1	J27, open J27, jumpered
Recovery mode	Normal Recovery mode	J10, open J10, jumpered
Password clear	Normal mode Password clear (MFG test)	J11, open J11, jumpered
CMOS clear	Normal  Discharge	J16, pins 1 and 2 jumpered J16, pins 2 and 3 jumpered


Device Mapping

These Help topics list device mapping information for Starion Desktop PC computers.

	CAUTION Before changing any memory or address location, refer to the documentation supplied with the optional device, expansion board, or software application and make sure adequate information is available.  If not, contact the option or software manufacturer for further information.
NOTE
Plug and Play add-in cards are automatically configured by your computers BIOS.

The ICU must be run to properly configure computer resources for use with legacy ISA cards (that is, not Plug and Play ISA), in order to avoid conflicts with Plug and Play cards.  Refer to the on-line help information in the ICU, accessible through the Getting Started program, for specific information. Also, refer to the supplied ICU Users Guide and any additional Plug and Play documentation supplied with the computer.

CPU Memory Address Map (Full Range)

I/O Address Map

Computer Interrupt Levels

DMA Channel Assignment


CPU Memory Address Map (Full Range)

Range	Function	Notes
0 KB to 640 KB	main memory	PC compatibility range
640 KB to 1024 KB (1MB)	main memory	PC compatibility range ISA memory lower limit
1MB to 16 MB	main memory	ISA memory upper limit
16 MB to 128 MB	main memory	Computer memory upper limit


I/O Address Map

Range (hexadecimal)	Function
000 - 00F	DMA controller one
020 - 021	Interrupt controller one
040 - 043	Interval timer
060 - 06F	Keyboard controller
070 - 07F	Real-time clock (RTC), NMI
080 - 08F	DMA page register
0A0 - 0A1	Interrupt controller two
0C0 - 0CF	DMA controller two
0F0	Clear math co-processor busy
0F1	Reset math co-processor
0F8 - 0FF	Math co-processor
170 - 177	Secondary IDE controller
1F0 - 1F7	Primary IDE controller
220 - 22F	Sound card
278 - 27A	LPT2
2E8 - 2EF	COM4
2F8 - 2FF	COM2
378 - 37A	LPT1
3BC - 3BE	LPT3
3B0 - 3DF	VGA register
3E8 - 3EF	COM3
3F0 - 3F7	Diskette (floppy disk) controller
3F6 - 3F7	Primary/secondary  IDE controller (alt status, device address)
3F8 - 3FF	COM1
530 - 53F	Boca sound card wave table player/recorder
46E8	VGA enable register
42E8, 4AE8, 82E8, 86E8, 8AE8, 8EE8, 92E8, 96E8, 9AE8, 9EE8, A2E8, A6E8, AAE8, AEE8, B2E8, B6E8, BAE8, BEE8, E2E8, E2EA	VGA enhanced mode registers


Computer Interrupt Levels

Interrupt Number	Interrupt Source
IRQ0	Timer tick
IRQ1	Keyboard controller
IRQ2	Cascade interrupt
IRQ3	Modem or COM2
IRQ4	COM1
IRQ5	Sound Blaster emulation or LPT2
IRQ6	Diskette (floppy disk) drive (if enabled)
IRQ7	LPT1, LPT3 (if enabled)
IRQ8	Real Time Clock (RTC)
IRQ9	Available
IRQ10	Boca sound card wave table player/recorder
IRQ11	Available
IRQ12	Mouse
IRQ13	Math co-processor
IRQ14	IDE primary
IRQ15	IDE secondary CD-ROM


DMA Channel Assignment

Channel	Controller	Function
0	1	Boca sound card - full-duplex
1	1	Sound card
2	1	Diskette (floppy disk) controller (if enabled)
3	1	ECP
4	2	Cascade DMA
5	2	Not used
6	2	Not used
7	2	Not used


Interface Connectors

These topics list the pin assignments for your computer's external connectors.

•	Parallel Printer Connector
25-pin D-submini female

•	Serial Port Connectors
9-pin D-submini male

•	Keyboard and Mouse Connectors
6-pin mini-DIN


Parallel Printer Connector

The parallel printer connector provides an interface to a printer or other parallel devices.  The table below lists pin assignments.  An asterisk (*) indicates an active low signal.

Parallel Printer Pinout

DB25 Pin	Signal	Function
1	STB-R*	Strobe
2	PRTD0	Printer data bit 0
3	PRTD1	Printer data bit 1
4	PRTD2	Printer data bit 2
5	PRTD3	Printer data bit 3
6	PRTD4	Printer data bit 4
7	PRTD5	Printer data bit 5
8	PRTD6	Printer data bit 6
9	PRTD7	Printer data bit 7
10	ACK*	Acknowledge
11	BUSY	Busy
12	PE	Paper end
13	SLCT	Select
14	AUTOFDXT*	Autofeed
15	ERR*	Error
16	INIT*	Initialize printer
17	SLCTIN*	Select input
18 to 25	GND	Ground


Serial Port Connectors

The serial port connectors consist of two 9-pin D-submini connectors. The two connectors are not interchangeable.  The table below lists the pins assignments.

The baud rates supported by the computer's serial ports are 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19 200, and 38 400.

9-Pin Serial Port Pinouts

DB9 Pin	Signal	Function
1	DCD	Data carrier detect
2	RXD	Receive data
3	TXD	Transmit data
4	DTR	Data terminal ready
5	GND	Ground
6	DSR	Data set ready
7	RTS	Request to send
8	CTS	Clear to send
9	RI	Ring indicator


Keyboard and Mouse Connectors

The keyboard and mouse connectors consist of two 6-pin mini-DIN connectors.  The table below lists the pin assignments.

Keyboard and Mouse Connector Pinouts

Pin	Signal
1	Data
2	Reserved
3	Ground
4	+5 V dc (fused)
5	Clock
6	No connection


Troubleshooting

These topics provide initial troubleshooting procedures and lists of specific problems, probable causes, and recommended actions to take if your computer fails after you configure it or after you install optional hardware or software.

Refer to the documentation supplied with additional options if you are experiencing problems with specific options that you have installed.

Problem Solving and Troubleshooting

Initial Troubleshooting

Computer Troubleshooting

Disk Drive Troubleshooting

Monitor Troubleshooting

CD-ROM Troubleshooting

Messages

POST and Boot Messages

POST and Boot Error Messages

POST and Boot Informational Messages

Beep Codes


Initial Troubleshooting

Follow these general procedures to troubleshoot Starion Minitower PC computers.  Many of these tasks can be performed remotely using CO/Session.

•	Press [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [Del].  If your computer fails to boot, turn it off, wait until all hard disk drives completely spin down, and then turn it back on.

•	If the POST detects an error, refer to POST and Boot Messages and take the appropriate steps to correct the problem.  After the problem has been resolved, restart the computer.

•	Run the BIOS Setup utility.

•	Make sure all necessary changes have been made to the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files.

For example, make sure all installed device drivers are referenced by associated device statement in the CONFIG.SYS file.  Refer to MS-DOS documentation for information on editing a CONFIG.SYS file.

•	Make sure all necessary video, printer, and application device drivers are properly installed.

•	Ensure that all cables and connections are secure.

•	Run the diagnostic software.

See also:	BIOS Setup Utility


Computer Troubleshooting

To determine the possible causes of and appropriate remedies for a given problem, click on the check-mark next to that item in the list below.  Possible causes of a given problem are listed in bold italic text; a suggested remedy appears below each listed cause in normal text.

 	NO RESPONSE WHEN THE COMPUTER IS TURNED ON.

 	POWER IS ON, BUT THERE IS NO SCREEN DISPLAY.

 	COMPUTER OPERATES INCORRECTLY AFTER INSTALLING OPTIONAL EXPANSION BOARD.

 	COMPUTER OPERATES INCORRECTLY AFTER INSTALLING OPTIONAL SYSTEM MEMORY (SIMMS).

 	COMPUTER FAILS TO RETAIN SETUP INFORMATION.

 	COMPUTER DOES NOT BOOT FROM AN IDE HARD DISK DRIVE.

 	COMPUTER DOES NOT BOOT FROM A TARGET DISKETTE DRIVE.

 	NO RESPONSE TO KEYBOARD COMMANDS.

 	NO RESPONSE TO MOUSE COMMANDS.


NO RESPONSE WHEN THE COMPUTER IS TURNED ON.

•	Computer is not plugged in.

Turn off the computer, plug it in, and then turn it back on again.

•	No power at the wall outlet.

Use another wall outlet.

•	Main logic board  failure.

Replace main logic board.

•	Main logic board jumpers incorrectly set.

Set all appropriate jumpers.

•	CPU has failed.

Replace CPU.

•	Power supply failed.

Replace power supply.


POWER IS ON, BUT THERE IS NO SCREEN DISPLAY.

•	Brightness and contrast controls are not correctly set.

Adjust the brightness and contrast controls.

•	Power management features have shut off the monitor.

Press [Shift] to reactivate the monitor.

•	Monitor is off.

Turn on the monitor.

•	Monitor cable is incorrectly installed.

Check all monitor connections.

•	Incorrect VGA drivers installed.

Install the correct VGA drivers.

•	Video controller failed

Replace video controller.

•	Monitor failed.

Replace monitor.


COMPUTER OPERATES INCORRECTLY AFTER INSTALLING OPTIONAL EXPANSION BOARD.

•	Expansion board installed incorrectly.

Remove expansion board and reinstall.

•	Did not run ICU to configure expansion board after installation.

Run the ICU to properly configure expansion board. Refer to the appropriate ICU documentation.

•	Expansion board failure.

Remove expansion board and reboot.  If computer boots without errors, replace expansion board.


COMPUTER OPERATES INCORRECTLY AFTER INSTALLING OPTIONAL SYSTEM MEMORY (SIMMS).

•	Did not rerun BIOS Setup utility.

Run BIOS Setup utility.

•	BIOS Setup utility changes not saved before exiting.

Run BIOS Setup utility and save changes.

•	SIMMs installed incorrectly.

Remove SIMMs and reinstall.

Make sure banks 0 and 1 are filled with the correct SIMM size, speed and type.

•	SIMMs have failed.

Replace SIMMs.


COMPUTER FAILS TO RETAIN SETUP INFORMATION.

•	Computer battery has failed.

Replace computer battery (RTC).

•	CMOS clear jumper (J16) enabled.

Disable CMOS clear jumper (J16).


COMPUTER DOES NOT BOOT FROM AN IDE HARD DISK DRIVE.

•	IDE drive type incorrect.

Run the BIOS Setup utility to identify the correct drive type.

See drive type label on drive or consult drive documentation.

•	Loose cables.

Secure all cable connections.

•	Onboard IDE interface disabled.

Run the BIOS Setup utility and set the IDE Hard Disk Drives option to "Enabled."

•	Hard disk boot sector is missing.

For DOS, boot from a DOS diskette then enter the following commands:

c:
cd\dos
fdisk/mbr

•	There might be a boot sector virus.

Run anti-virus software.

•	Operating system software is not installed on the IDE hard disk drive.

Install the appropriate operating system.

•	IDE hard disk drive is connected to the wrong IDE connector.

Connect the boot disk to the PCI IDE connector on the main logic board.

•	IDE hard disk drive is not correctly formatted or the requested partition does not exist.

Format the IDE hard disk drive or partition the IDE hard disk drive using the supplied operating system software.

•	There is no software on the requested partition.

Install software on the requested partition.

•	IDE hard disk drive jumpers incorrectly set.

Refer to the supplied IDE hard disk drive kit installation instructions.


COMPUTER DOES NOT BOOT FROM A TARGET DISKETTE DRIVE.

•	Onboard diskette controller disabled.

Run the BIOS Setup utility and set the Diskette Controller option to Enabled.

•	Diskette drive not enabled.

Run the BIOS Setup utility to enable the diskette drive.

•	Incorrect diskette drive type.

Make sure the drive ID is correctly set (refer to the documentation supplied with your diskette drive).

•	Diskette boot option disabled.

Run the BIOS Setup utility and set Boot From Diskette A to "Enabled."

•	Diskette might not be bootable.

Use a bootable diskette.

•	Diskette does not contain start-up files.

Insert a diskette with the correct start-up files.

•	Diskette drive is empty.

Insert a diskette that contains an operating system.

•	Diskette is worn or damaged.

Try another diskette.

•	Loose cables.

Secure all cable connections.


NO RESPONSE TO KEYBOARD COMMANDS.

•	Keyboard is password protected.

Enter the keyboard password.

•	Keyboard is not connected.

Power down the computer and connect the keyboard.

•	Keyboard is connected to the mouse port.

Power down the computer and connect the keyboard to the keyboard port.

•	Computer operation halted.

Reboot computer.


NO RESPONSE TO MOUSE COMMANDS.

•	Mouse is password protected.

Enter the keyboard and mouse password.

•	Mouse is not connected.

Power down the computer and connect the mouse.

•	Mouse is connected to the keyboard port.

Power down the computer and connect the mouse to the mouse port.

•	Mouse driver not installed.

Install the appropriate mouse driver.  Refer to your supplied application software documentation.

•	Computer operation halted.

Reboot computer.


Disk Drive Troubleshooting

To determine the possible causes of and appropriate remedies for a given problem, click on the check-mark next to that item in the list below.  Possible causes of a given problem are listed in bold italic text; a suggested remedy appears below each listed cause in normal text.

 	IDE HARD DISK DRIVE CANNOT READ OR WRITE INFORMATION.

 	TARGET DISKETTE DRIVE CANNOT READ OR WRITE INFORMATION.


IDE HARD DISK DRIVE CANNOT READ OR WRITE INFORMATION.

•	Incorrect disk drive jumper settings.

Refer to the supplied kit installation instructions..

•	Loose or incorrectly installed cables.

Make sure all cables are correctly installed.

•	IDE hard disk drive is not correctly formatted or partitioned.

Format and partition as required using the supplied operating system

•	IDE drive type incorrect.

Run the BIOS Setup utility to identify the correct drive type.

•	Onboard IDE interface disabled.

Run the BIOS Setup utility and set the IDE controller option to Enabled.


TARGET DISKETTE DRIVE CANNOT READ OR WRITE INFORMATION.

•	Diskette is not formatted.

Format the diskette.

•	Diskette is worn or damaged.

Try another diskette.

•	Diskette is write-protected.

Slide the write-protect switch so the hole is not visible (3½-inch diskette) or uncover the writeprotect notch (5¼-inch diskette).

•	Diskette drive is empty.

Insert a diskette.

•	Onboard diskette controller disabled.

Run the BIOS Setup utility and set the diskette controller option to Enabled.

•	Diskette write protection enabled.

Run the BIOS Setup utility and set the Diskette Write Protection option to Disabled.


Monitor Troubleshooting

To determine the possible causes of and appropriate remedies for a given problem, click on the check-mark next to that item in the list below.  Possible causes of a given problem are listed in bold italic text; a suggested remedy appears below each listed cause in normal text.

 	MONITOR POWER INDICATOR IS NOT ON.

 	NO SCREEN DISPLAY.

 	NO MONITOR DISPLAY WHILE LOADING WINDOWS VIDEO DRIVERS.

 	DISTORTED, ROLLING, OR FLICKERING SCREEN DISPLAY, OR WRONG/UNEVEN COLOR.

 	MONITOR FAILS TO SWITCH TO HIGH-RESOLUTION MODE.

 	MONITOR DISPLAY NOT CENTERED WHILE LOADING WINDOWS VIDEO DRIVERS.


MONITOR POWER INDICATOR IS NOT ON.

•	Monitor is turned off.

Turn on the monitor.

•	Power management features have shut off the monitor.

Press [Shift] to reactivate the monitor.

•	Power cord is not connected.

Connect the power cord to the computer.

•	No power at wall outlet.

Use another outlet.

•	Power indicator is defective.

Replace power indicator.


NO SCREEN DISPLAY.

•	Configuration error.

Run the BIOS Setup utility to configure the computer for VGA operation.

Set the jumper for VGA operation.  See Main Logic Board Jumpers.

•	Monitor brightness and contrast controls are incorrectly set.

Adjust the monitor brightness and contrast controls.

•	Monitor power cable is loose or disconnected.

Secure or reattach the monitor power cable.

•	Power management features have shut off the monitor.

Press [Shift] to reactivate the monitor.

•	Video controller failed.

Replace the video controller.


NO MONITOR DISPLAY WHILE LOADING WINDOWS VIDEO DRIVERS.

•	Monitor type incorrectly set.

Set the correct monitor type using the appropriate utility.  Run Windows Setup, either within Windows or from MS-DOS as necessary, and select the correct video driver.  Select VGA if unsure of the correct video driver.

Also see any appropriate README files.

•	Wrong Windows driver loaded.

Load the correct video driver.


DISTORTED, ROLLING, OR FLICKERING SCREEN DISPLAY, OR WRONG/UNEVEN COLOR.

•	Monitor incorrectly adjusted.

Adjust accordingly.

•	Monitor signal cable incorrectly installed.

Straighten any bent connector pins and then reconnect.

•	Computer was turned on before the monitor was turned on.

Turn off both the computer and the monitor.  Turn on the monitor, then turn on the computer.

•	Video jumper incorrectly set.

Set the jumper for VGA operation. (See Main Logic Board Jumpers.)


MONITOR FAILS TO SWITCH TO HIGH-RESOLUTION MODE.

•	Appropriate high-resolution video drivers are not installed or incorrectly installed.

Correctly install all appropriate high-resolution video drivers. Run Windows Setup, either within Windows or from MS-DOS as necessary, and select the correct video driver.  Select VGA if unsure of the correct video driver.


MONITOR DISPLAY NOT CENTERED WHILE LOADING WINDOWS VIDEO DRIVERS.

•	Monitor type incorrectly set.

Set the correct monitor type using the appropriate utility. Run Windows Setup, either within Windows or from MS-DOS as necessary, and select the correct video driver.  Select VGA if unsure of the correct video driver.


CD-ROM Troubleshooting

To determine the possible causes of and appropriate remedies for a given problem, click on the check-mark next to that item in the list below.  Possible causes of a given problem are listed in bold italic text; a suggested remedy appears below each listed cause in normal text.

 	CANNOT ACCESS THE CD-ROM DRIVE; "ERROR MESSAGE READING DRIVE X".

 	POWER IS ON BUT INDICATOR SHOWS NO ACTIVITY.

 	DISC IS SPINNING BUT DRIVE IS IDLE.


CANNOT ACCESS THE CD-ROM DRIVE; "ERROR MESSAGE READING DRIVE X".

•	Device drivers not installed.

Install correct device drivers.

•	No disc in the CD-ROM drive.

Insert a disc.

•	Tray is open.

Close the tray.

•	Disc is dirty or damaged.

Carefully clean the disc using appropriate materials.   Also try another disc.


POWER IS ON BUT INDICATOR SHOWS NO ACTIVITY.

•	No disc in the CD-ROM drive.

Insert a disc.

•	Tray is open.

Close the tray.

•	Cables are loose or incorrectly connected.

Properly connect all cables.


DISC IS SPINNING BUT DRIVE IS IDLE.

•	No application software is running.

Run application software.


POST and Boot Messages

The POST displays messages to alert you to errors in hardware, software, and firmware or to provide operating information about your computer.

Each time the POST displays a message on your screen, the computer's speaker beeps twice.  If an error occurs before the monitor is initialized, specific beep codes sound to alert you to a problem.

POST and Boot Error Messages

POST and Boot Informational Messages


POST and Boot Error Messages

The following error messages are arranged in alphabetical order.

NOTE
Italics indicate variable parts of a message such as memory addresses, hexadecimal values, and so on.  These messages can differ at each occurrence.

Message	Problem	Solution
Diskette drive A error Diskette drive B error	Diskette drive has failed.	Run the BIOS Setup utility.  Check all connections.  If the problem persists, replace the defective diskette drive and/or drive cable.
Extended RAM Failed at offset: nnnn	Extended memory failed or configured incorrectly.	Make sure SIMMs are installed correctly (see Installing SIMMs).  If the problem persists, replace defective SIMMs. Run the BIOS Setup utility and restore all settings to original values.
Failing Bits: nnnn	nnnn is a map of the bits at the RAM address which failed the memory test.	Run the BIOS Setup utility and restore all settings to original values. If the problem persists, replace the defective memory.
Fixed Disk 0 Failure Fixed Disk 1 Failure Fixed Disk Controller failure	Hard disk drive and/or controller failed.	Run the BIOS Setup utility.  Check all connections.  If the problem persists, replace the defective hard disk drive and/or controller.
Incorrect Drive A type - run SETUP Incorrect Drive B type - run SETUP	Diskette drive A and/or B not correctly identified in the BIOS Setup utility.	Run the BIOS Setup utility and properly identify diskette drive A and/or B.
Invalid NVRAM media type	NVRAM access failed.	Run the BIOS Setup utility and restore all settings to original values.  If the problem persists, replace the defective component.
Keyboard controller error Keyboard error Keyboard locked - Unlock key switch	Keyboard and/or keyboard controller failed.	Check the keyboard connection.  If the connection is secure, the keyboard or keyboard controller might have failed.  If the problem persists, replace the defective keyboard and/or controller.
Monitor type does not match CMOS - Run SETUP	Monitor type has been incorrectly specified.	Run the BIOS Setup utility and set the correct monitor type.
Operating system not found	The operating system cannot be found on drive A or drive C.	Run the BIOS Setup utility and correctly identify drive A or drive C. Correctly install the operating system.  Refer to the supplied operating system documentation.
Press <F1> to resume, <F2> to Setup	This message appears after any recoverable error message.	Press <F1> to reboot or <F2> to enter the BIOS Setup utility to make any necessary changes.
Real time clock error	Real-time clock failed BIOS test.	Replace real-time clock and then run the BIOS Setup utility to restore previous configuration information.
Shadow RAM Failed at offset: nnnn	Shadow RAM failed.	Run the BIOS Setup utility and disable failed shadow memory region.
System battery is dead - Replace and run SETUP	Battery/real-time clock failed.	Replace the battery and then run the BIOS Setup utility to restore previous configuration information.
System cache error - Cache disabled	RAM cache failed.	Run the BIOS Setup utility and restore all settings to original values.  If the problem persists, replace the defective cache memory.
System CMOS checksum bad - run SETUP	Battery/real-time clock failed.	Correct the address conflict using the BIOS Setup utility.  If the problem persists, replace the battery/real-time clock.
System RAM failed at offset: nnnn	System RAM failed.	Run the BIOS Setup utility and restore all settings to original values.  If the problem persists, replace the defective memory.
System timer error	The computer's timer test failed.	Run the BIOS Setup utility and restore all settings to original values.  If the problem persists, replace the defective component.


POST and Boot Informational Messages

NOTE
Italics indicate variable parts of a message such as memory addresses, hexadecimal values, and so on.  These messages can differ at each occurrence.

Message	Description
nnnn Cache SRAM Passed	Where nnnn is the amount of computer cache (in kilobytes) that tested successfully.
Entering SETUP	BIOS Setup utility runs.
Extended RAM Passed	Where nnnn is the amount of extended memory (in kilobytes) that tested successfully.
nnnn Shadow RAM passed	Where nnnn is the amount of shadow RAM (in kilobytes) that tested successfully.
System BIOS shadowed	This indicates that your computers BIOS was successfully copied to shadow RAM.
nnnn System RAM passed	Where nnnn is the amount of system RAM (in kilobytes) that tested successfully.
UMB upper limit segment address: nnnn	Displays the address of the upper limit of UMB.  This indicates the released segments of the BIOS that can be reclaimed by a virtual memory manager.
Video BIOS shadowed	This indicates that your computers video BIOS was successfully copied to shadow RAM.


Beep Codes

When POST finds an error and cannot display a message, the computer's speaker emits a series of beeps to indicate the error and places a value in I/O port 80h.  During POST, if the video configuration fails or if an external ROM module fails a checksum test, then your computer beeps three times (one long beep, and two short beeps).

The following table lists other fatal errors and their associated beep codes.  Each code represents the number of short beeps that are grouped together.  Fatal errors (errors that lock up your computer) are generally the result of a failed main logic board or some other add-on component (SIMM, BIOS, computer battery, etc.).

Resolve any problems using the procedures in Troubleshooting.

Beep Code	Error Message	Port 80h
2-2-3	BIOS ROM checksum	16h
3-1-1	Test DRAM refresh	20h
3-1-3	Test keyboard controller	22h
3-4-1	Test 512K base address lines	2Ch
3-4-3	Test 512K base memory	2Eh
2-1-2-3	Check ROM copyright notice	46h
2-2-3-1	Test for unexpected interrupts	58h


System Utilities

Those who are unfamiliar with utility programs and their uses should carefully read and understand these Help topics before attempting to use any of the utilities.  Also, make sure the computer is operating as expected.

Starion Minitower PC computers come with several utility programs and device drivers that are factory-installed as image files (on computers that came with a hard disk drive) and supplied on diskettes. Additional utility programs and device drivers are factory-installed and ready for use.

Creating Driver Disks

BIOS Utilities

PHLASH .EXE

Creating a Crisis Recovery Diskette

Using a Crisis Recovery Diskette

Upgrading The Computer's BIOS

Video Utilities and Drivers

Windows Video Drivers

MS-DOS and Windows Application Video Drivers

Setting High Resolution Mode for Your Monitor Display

Using the S3refrsh Utility

Other Utilities and Drivers

CMD Disk Driver

CO/Session and Remote Support

"Getting Started" and Digital Utilities

Logitech Mouse Drivers

Plug and Play Kit for MS-DOS and Windows


Creating Driver Disks

Digital strongly advises users to access the"Driver Disks" tab in "Getting Started" (located in the "Program Disks" section) and make master diskette copies in case they should ever need to re-install software on the hard disk drive. If this has not been done, click on "Driver Disks" to create master diskettes containing the following:

•	Logitech mouse driver

•	Mitsumi CD-ROM MS-DOS device driver

•	TRIO 32 video drivers and utilities

•	CMD 32-bit hard disk driver


PHLASH.EXE

All computers have BIOS software in a read-only, non-volatile memory (ROM) chip.  This BIOS initializes hardware and boots the operating system when the computer is turned on.  The BIOS also provides access to other services such as keyboard and disk drives.

Starion Minitower PC computers are equipped with flash memory.  This means that you can restore the computer's BIOS simply by running the PHLASH.EXE utility.  You can also upgrade the computer's BIOS to future releases by running PHLASH.EXE along with a flash BIOS update diskette.

Before Using PHLASH.EXE

A crisis recovery diskette should be created before PHLASH.EXE is used to upgrade the computer's BIOS. This diskette can then be used to reprogram the computer's BIOS in case the flash process built into the computer fails.  The following are needed to create this diskette:

•	A blank 3½-inch 1.44 MB formatted diskette

•	A diskette copy of the BIOS

NOTE
PHLASH utilities are not shipped with Starion 400i/500i/600i/700i/800i/900i computers.  However, they are available on the Digital Bulletin Board System.


Creating a Crisis Recovery Diskette

1.	Turn on the computer and allow the POST to complete.

If POST detects an error, refer to Troubleshooting  to identify and determine how to correct the problem.  After the problem has been resolved, restart the computer.

2.	Insert the BIOS diskette into the diskette drive and enter:

a:
dir

The entry should show that the following files are on the diskette.

MINIDOS.SYS
PHLASH.EXE
MAKEBOOT.EXE
MAKECRD.EXE

Note that there are some additional files as well.  Refer to the README file on the diskette for additional information.

3.	Create an upgrade directory on the hard disk drive.  For example, if the hard disk drive is c:>, enter at the DOS prompt:

c:
md upgrade

4.	Copy the files from the BIOS diskette into the upgrade directory on the hard disk drive.  For example, from the DOS prompt enter:

copy a:\upgrade\*.* c:\upgrade\*.*

5.	Insert a blank formatted diskette into drive A.

6.	On drive A, make a directory for the files previously copied.  For example, from the DOS prompt enter:

a:
md upgrade

7.	Return to the hard disk drive and copy the files.  From the DOS prompt, enter:

c:
makecrd

The makecrd command prompts you for a recovery diskette to be placed in drive A and then automatically copies the files to drive A.

8.	Remove the crisis recovery diskette from drive A and store it in a safe place.


Using a Crisis Recovery Diskette

The crisis recovery diskette must be used only if the computer's BIOS fails or if a BIOS upgrade was unsuccessful.  If the computer's BIOS failed to flash properly or is corrupted in some way, the following sequence of events occurs:

•	POST detects an error after a normal boot cycle or a BIOS upgrade.
This message(s) appears on the monitor screen, indicating that the computer's BIOS did not flash properly or has failed.

•	The BIOS in the bootblock memory automatically executes.
The computer attempts to find the correct BIOS files to execute the correct boot cycle.

•	The computer beeps several times.
This means the computer cannot properly boot using the BIOS files that were just copied during the flash update.

•	The computer accesses the diskette drive
The computer is searching for the crisis recovery diskette to restore the BIOS to its previous known state.

Restore the computer's BIOS to its previous known state by performing the following procedures:

1.	Turn off the computer, remove the cover, and set the recovery mode jumper (J10) to Recovery Mode (jumpered).

2.	Replace the cover, insert the crisis recovery diskette into drive A, and then power on the computer.

The computer automatically boots from drive A and upgrades the BIOS.  Upon completion, the computer sounds a beep code and attempts to restart.

3.	After the BIOS is restarted, turn off power to the computer and remove the crisis recovery diskette from drive A.

4.	Remove the cover and set the recovery jumper (J10) to normal.

5.	Replace the cover and turn the power back on for normal operation.


Upgrading Your Computer's BIOS
Upgrading the Computer's BIOS

Perform the following steps to update the computer's BIOS in the flash memory to a new updated one.

1.	Locate or create a crisis recovery diskette.  (Do not use a crisis recovery diskette created for any other computer.)

Refer to Creating a Crisis Recovery Diskette.

2.	Insert the BIOS diskette in the diskette drive.

3.	Turn on the computer and allow the POST to complete.

The computer now boots from the BIOS diskette.

If POST detects an error, refer to Troubleshooting  to identify and determine how to correct the problem.  After the problem has been resolved, restart the computer.

4.	At the MS-DOS prompt, type:

a:\upgrade\phlash

A screen appears on the monitor warning that the computer's BIOS is about to be erased.

5.	Press [Enter] to continue.  Press [Esc] to cancel.

If [Enter] is pressed, PHLASH.EXE automatically updates the computer's BIOS.

After the flashing process completes, the computer automatically reboots itself so changes immediately take effect.

6.	Remove the BIOS diskette.


Windows Video Drivers

Your computer comes with the required Windows video display driver pre-installed at the factory.  However, if your hard disk drive becomes corrupted, you might need to re-load the Windows video driver that has been provided on the Windows video driver diskette that you made using  "Program Disks" and the "Driver Disks" tab from Digital Getting Started.  To re-load the Windows driver, perform the following steps.

Before installing a video device driver, read and understand the information in the README.TXT file provided on the diskette.

1.	Type CD WINDOWS at the C:\> prompt, then press [Enter]

The following prompt appears:  C:\WINDOWS>.

2.	Type SETUP and press [Enter].

Your computer displays the SETUP screen.

3.	Select the Display option and press [Enter].

4.	Toggle through the Display option to select the appropriate Windows 3.x driver.

5.	Select the desired video resolution then press [Enter].

6.	If the appropriate video driver resides on a separate diskette, toggle through the Display option to select Other (Requires disk provided by hardware manufacturer).

Insert the diskette that contains the appropriate video driver and press [Enter].

Select the desired video resolution then press [Enter].

7.	The MS-DOS prompt appears when SETUP completes.

Type WIN and press [Enter] to start Microsoft Windows.


MS-DOS Application Video Drivers
MS-DOS and Windows Application Video Drivers

Various software drivers for popular MS-DOS based CAD and business applications have been provided on the "S3 TRIO 32 Video Drivers and Utilities" diskette that you made using the "Driver Disks" section of "Getting Started".  If you are using an older non-Windows application such as ACAD or Lotus for DOS, you might need to load one or more of these drivers.

You can install both DOS and Windows video drivers.  However, some Windows resolutions and color depths must be individually loaded.

Before installing a video device driver, read and understand the information in any README.TXT file provided on the diskette.


Setting High Resolution Mode for Your Monitor Display
Setting Windows High Resolution Mode for Your Monitor Display

If you purchased a high resolution monitor, you might want to run the Galileo video setup utility supplied with your computer.  Galileo is a Windows-based utility used to change video resolutions, color depths, and refresh rates to match the capabilities of your monitor.  To use Galileo to change video resolution, perform the following steps:

1.	From the Windows Program Manager, double click on the Control Panel icon.

2.	Next, double click on the Galileo icon to display the video console.

3.	Select the monitor resolution, color depth, and refresh rate to match your monitor's specifications.

NOTE
Video selections shaded gray are not valid choices due to your computer's maximum video memory or installed controller type.

	CAUTION Do not select a monitor type setting that exceeds your monitor's resolution, refresh rate (vertical synchronization), and interlace or non-interlace specifications.  Refer to your monitor's support documentation for performance specifications.
4.	Select "Switches" that apply to your CAD software package.  Digital recommends that your leave these set to the "Enabled" or "On" position if you are not sure about their functions.

5.	Click "OK" to save your settings and exit the utility.

6.	Restart Windows.

NOTE
The refresh rate is set in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file.  So, making a permanent refresh rate change on the computer also requires changing the AUTOEXEC.BAT file.


Using the S3refrsh Utility

S3refrsh.EXE is an MS-DOS-based utility that works in conjunction with Galileo to set the video controller monitor resolution and refresh rates.  This utility has been pre-installed and configured at the factory to meet most monitor resolution needs. In most cases you never need to use this utility, and you should only use Galileo to select high resolution video modes.  However, if you cannot successfully use Galileo to set the required monitor mode, run S3refrsh.EXE as follows:

1.	At the C:\> prompt type:

S3refrsh.EXE and then press [Enter].

The S3refrsh utility screen appears.

The refresh options are shown on the left side and the corresponding resolutions are displayed on the top of the matrix.

2.	Click on the desired boxes.

The "X" mark means that a selection is not valid.  Selected refresh rates are defined by check marks.

3.	Click on EXIT to set the new refresh rate.

The utility will then prompt you if you wish to save the changes in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.  For a permanent change, select YES.


CO/Session and Remote Support

The "System Utility and Remote Support" diskette supplied with Starion Minitower PC computers includes Triton's CO/Session Remote Communications Software.  This software allows Digital service representatives to remotely troubleshoot a computer via a telephone/modem connection.  Proper use of this software might enable some computer problems to be corrected without requiring a further service call.

When the software is enabled, tasks Digital service respresentatives can perform via telephone on the user's computer include:

•	 editing system files such as AUTOEXEC.BAT, CONFIG.SYS, and WIN.INI

•	 transmitting files, such as updated device drivers, to the remote PC

•	 relaying instructions to the user via a "chat mode" display

•	 printing information to the user's printer

Consult appropriate documentation and training materials for information on using the Co/Session software.


CMD Disk Driver

Your computer comes with a high-speed CMD disk controller and driver pre-installed at the factory.  The CMD driver allows 32-bit disk access in both MS-DOS and Windows applications to enhance computer performance.


"Getting Started" and Digital Utilities

These utilities serve as a backup for the "Getting Started" user interface.


Logitech Mouse Drivers

These drivers enable the computer to operate using a Logitech mouse.


Plug and Play Kit for MS-DOS and Windows

This kit enables users to automatically configure optional Plug and Play expansion boards.   It also simplifies the process of configuring non-Plug and Play (Legacy) expansion boards.  This kit comes factory-installed on computers that have a hard disk drive.  This kit is also supplied on a DOS-bootable diskette for use with operating systems other than DOS and Windows.

Refer to the on-line help information in the ICU, which can be accessed through the Digital group in the Program Manager.  Also, refer to the supplied ISA Configuration Utility User's Guide and any additional Plug and Play documentation supplied with the computer.


Service Procedures

Introduction

Tools Needed

Before You Begin

Accessing Internal Components

Removing the Cover

Replacing the Cover

Memory, CPU Upgrades, and Expansion Boards

Installing Additional Computer Memory

Installing the CPU Voltage Regulator

Installing a Higher-Performance CPU

Installing SIMMs

Installing Expansion Cards

Mass Storage Devices

Installing a 5¼-Inch Device

Connecting Diskette and IDE Devices

Removing Components

Removing and Replacing the Real-Time Clock (RTC)

Removing the 3½-Inch Diskette Drive

Removing a 5¼-Inch Device

Removing the IDE Hard Disk Drive

Removing Expansion Cards

Removing Main Logic Board

Removing Power Supply

Removing Riser Card & Bracket

Removing SIMMs


Tools Needed

The following tools are recommended:

•	A Phillips screwdriver

•	An antistatic wrist strap (recommended, but not required)

	WARNING See also Static Electricity


Before You Begin

Before removing the cover, do the following:

1.	Turn off power to all external devices connected to computer.

2.	Turn computer off.

3.	Unplug power cord from wall outlet.

4.	Disconnect power cord and monitor cord from computer.

	WARNING See also Static Electricity


Removing Cover

	WARNING You might injure yourself or damage your computer if you attempt to remove the cover before unplugging ac and monitor power cords.
	CAUTION When cover is removed, do not insert foreign objects into vent openings of power supply.
The computer's cover must be removed prior to installing any hardware option.  To remove the cover:

1.	Loosen and remove three screws along perimeter of rear panel to release cover from chassis.

2.	Carefully slide cover toward front of chassis until it clears rear panel.

3.	Carefully lift cover from chassis.


{bmc DEC423-2.WMF}


Replacing the Cover

To replace and lock your computers cover:

1.	Place cover on chassis.

2.	Carefully slide cover toward rear of chassis.

2.	Secure cover to chassis using previously removed screws.


{bmc DEC423-3.WMF}


Installing a Higher-Performance CPU

The Starion Minitower PC main logic board is equipped with a Pentium processor installed in a ZIF socket.

To install a higher-performance CPU:

1.	Turn off the computer.

2.	Disconnect external devices, ac power, and monitor power.

3.	Unlock and remove cover.

4.	Lift up on lever to release old CPU.

Remove old CPU.

NOTE
The higher-performance CPU you are installing might require a different voltage regulator than the one currently installed.  Check the contents of your CPU kit for a voltage regulator.  If it is necessary to change the voltage regulator, refer to Installing the CPU Voltage Regulator.

5.	Install new CPU.

Make sure pin 1 on CPU is aligned with pin 1 on ZIF socket (A).

6.	Return release lever to its original position and then set all appropriate CPU jumpers.

Refer to Main Logic Board Jumper Settings .

7.	Replace and lock cover.

8.	Connect external devices and restore power.


Installing the CPU Voltage Regulator

The Starion Minitower PC computer's CPU requires a separate voltage regulator in order to operate correctly.  If a new CPU is installed, a new voltage regulator might also be required.  If this is the case, the new voltage regulator will be included in the CPU upgrade kit.

To install the voltage regulator:

1.	Turn off the computer.

2.	Disconnect external devices, ac power, and monitor power.

3.	Unlock and remove cover.

4.	Carefully pinch the harpoon ends on the plastic standoffs and remove the voltage regulator.

5.	Install new voltage regulator.

Make sure socket on voltage regulator is aligned with pins on main logic board connector.

6.	Align standoffs with holes in voltage regulator circuit card and carefully press down on voltage regulator until socket is fully seated and standoffs have secured circuit card.

7.	Replace and lock cover.

8.	Connect external devices and restore power.


Installing Additional Computer Memory

Adding more memory allows the computer to run larger, more complicated software and run it more quickly.

The computer comes with 8 MB of memory hardwired to the main logic board.  Additional memory can be installed, to a maximum of 128 MB, using the two SIMM sockets on the main logic board. When adding SIMMs, be sure to:

•	Install a matching pair, only.

•	Install 32-bit SIMMs having an access time of 70 ns or less.  Supported SIMM sizes:  4 MB, 8 MB, 16 MB, 32 MB or 64 MB.

•	For improved performance, Starion Minitower PC computers are designed with interleaved memory.  This feature requires that you populate both sockets.  You must ensure that the SIMM in each socket is the same type, size, and speed.  Therefore, a 4-MB SIMM in Bank 0 requires a 4 MB SIMM in Bank 1.

See also:	Installing SIMMs
Memory Configurations


Memory Configurations

Onboard	Bank 0	Bank 1	Total
8 MB			8 MB
8 MB	4 MB	4 MB	16 MB
8 MB	8 MB	8 MB	24 MB
8 MB	16 MB	16 MB	40 MB
8 MB	32 MB	32 MB	72 MB
Disabled	64 MB	64 MB	128 MB


Installing SIMMs

To install SIMMs, perform the following:

1.	Turn off the computer.

2.	Disconnect external devices, ac power, and monitor power.

3.	Unlock and remove cover.

4.	Install each SIMM into socket at a 45 degree angle.

Make sure notch is oriented as shown (A).  Rock SIMM gently until it completely engages bottom of socket.  Tip SIMM upright until both retaining clips engage (B, C).

5.	Replace and lock cover.

6.	Connect external devices and restore power.

7.	Run the BIOS Setup utility by rebooting and pressing [F2] before POST completes.

8.	Select Save Changes and Exit.

Your computer reboots and now recognizes the amount of new memory.  If you return to Setup, the Extended Memory field reflects the additional memory.

See also:	Installing Additional Computer Memory
Memory Configurations


Installing a 5¼-Inch Device

The following procedures describe how to install 5¼-inch device into the fourth device bay.

NOTE:
Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for your device to determine if switches or jumper settings need to be set or installed on the device.  Set all switch and jumper settings accordingly.

1.	Turn off your computer.

2.	Disconnect external devices, ac power, and monitor power.

3.	Remove cover.

4.	Remove and save metal filler panel.

5.	Slide 5¼-inch device into device bay and secure with supplied screws.

6.	 Connect power and data cables to 5¼-inch device.

See also:	Connecting Diskette and IDE Devices


Connecting IDE Devices
 Connecting Diskette and IDE Devices

To connect diskette or IDE devices, perform the following:

1.	Connect supplied ribbon cable to appropriate device.

Make sure cable is connected with correct orientation.  Most cables and sockets are keyed so you cannot connect them backwards.  If your cable or device is not keyed, you must connect pin 1 of cable to pin 1 of device's socket.

Pin 1 of cable is on edge with colored stripe.  Pin 1 of device's socket should be marked with a number or symbol at one end of socket or with a number or symbol printed on circuit board near one end of socket.  If necessary, refer to the device's documentation for pin 1 orientation.

2.	Connect appropriate power cable to device.

3.	Replace the cover.

4.	Connect external devices and restore power.

5.	Run BIOS Setup utility to configure device.

Refer to BIOS Setup Utility.


Legend - Connecting IDE Devices
 Legend - Connecting Diskette and IDE Devices

Legend	Device Component
A	Power supply
B	Power connections
C	Diskette drive connection
D	IDE drive connection
E	Main logic board diskette drive connection
F	Primary IDE interface for hard disk drive
G	Secondary IDE interface for CD-ROM
H	CD-ROM drive connection


Installing Expansion Cards

NOTE
Read and fully understand any optional expansion card's documentation before installing it.

Do not install non-Plug and Play (Legacy) expansion cards until you have run the ICU to determine what system resources are available and you have set any necessary jumpers on the expansion card.  Then, load the device drivers and install the application software.  If necessary, include device statements in the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files.

Refer to the on-line help information in the ICU.  You can access the ICU through the Digital group in the Program Manager.  Also, refer to the ICU Users Guide and any additional Plug and Play documentation that came with the computer.

To install an ISA or PCI local bus expansion card:

1.	Turn off the computer.

2.	Disconnect external devices, ac power, and monitor power.

3.	Unlock and remove cover.

4.	Unscrew metal filler plate(s) from selected expansion slot.

Carefully remove the plastic filler panel(s) from the rear panel.

5.	Insert new expansion card into socket.

Push expansion card firmly into place.

6.	Secure expansion card to slot with screw removed in step 4.

7.	Replace the cover.

8.	Connect external devices and restore power.


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Removing and Replacing the Real-Time Clock (RTC)

The Starion Minitower PC computer RTC integrates a battery with the computer clock and retains any setup information when it is turned off.  If the computer ever fails to retain the correct date, time, or configuration settings when it is turned on, the computers RTC must be replaced.

To replace the RTC, perform the following:

1.	Record computer configuration settings using the BIOS Setup utility.

2.	Turn off the computer.

3.	Disconnect external devices, ac power, and monitor power.

4.	Unlock and remove cover.

5.	Carefully extract old RTC from socket.

6.	Install new RTC.

	CAUTION Make sure pin 1 on RTC is correctly aligned with location on socket (A).  Incorrect installation can cause faulty computer operation.
7.	Replace the cover.

8.	Connect external devices and restore power.

9.	Run BIOS Setup utility to reconfigure computer using recorded configuration settings from step 1.

Refer to BIOS Setup Utility.


Removing the 3½-Inch Diskette Drive

To remove the 3½-inch diskette drive:

1.	Turn off your computer.

2.	Disconnect external devices, ac power, and monitor power.

3.	Remove cover.

4.	Remove two screws securing the diskette drive to front panel.

5.	Disconnect power cable.

6.	Slightly lift front of drive to clear front panel and slide diskette drive out of the front of the chassis.

7	Disconnect ribbon cable.

Refer to Connecting Diskette and IDE Devices.


Removing a 5¼-Inch Device

To remove a 5¼-inch device:

1.	Turn off your computer.

2.	Disconnect external devices, ac power, and monitor power.

3.	Remove cover.

4.	Remove four screws securing the device to device bay.

5.	Disconnect power and data/audio cables.

Refer to Connecting Diskette and IDE Devices

6.	Slide device out of the front of the chassis.


Removing the IDE Hard Disk Drive

To remove the IDE hard disk drive:

1.	Turn off your computer.

2.	Disconnect external devices, ac power, and monitor power.

3.	Remove cover.

4.	Remove metal filler plate.

5.	Remove four screws securing hard disk drive to device bay.

6.	Disconnect power and ribbon cables.

7.	Slide drive toward rear of computer to clear guide tab on left side.

8.	Lift front of device up and over guide tab and slide drive out of the front of the chassis.

Refer to Connecting Diskette and IDE Devices


Removing Expansion Boards

To remove an expansion board:

1.	Turn off the computer.

2.	Disconnect external devices, ac power, and monitor power.

3.	Unlock and remove cover.

4.	Remove screw from metal filler plate.

5.	Gently pull board outward.


Removing Main Logic Board
Removing the Main Logic Board

To remove the main logic board:

1.	Turn off your computer.

2.	Disconnect external devices, ac power, and monitor power.

3.	Unlock and remove cover.

4.	Remove all connectors.

Refer to Main Logic Board Connectors.

5.	Remove all expansion boards.

6.	Remove the riser card and bracket.

7.	Remove screws and lift the board out.


Removing Power Supply
Removing the Power Supply

To remove the power supply:

1.	Turn off your computer.

2.	Disconnect external devices, ac power, and monitor power.

3.	Remove cover.

4.	Disconnect power supply cabling from main logic board noting the proper orientation.

5.	Disconnect power supply cables from all devices.

6.	Loosen two screws securing power on/off switch to chassis.

6.	Remove screws securing power supply to chassis (bracket on bottom of case (one) and rear panel (four).

7.	Remove power supply and power on/off switch from the chassis.


Removing Riser Card & Bracket

To remove the riser card and bracket:

1.	Turn off your computer.

2.	Disconnect external devices, ac power, and monitor power.

3.	Remove cover.

4.	Remove all expansion boards.

5.	Remove screws securing bracket to front panel and expansion slot panel.

5.	Carefully pull bracket and riser card from computer.


Removing SIMMs

To remove SIMMs

1.	Turn off your computer.

2.	Disconnect external devices, ac power, and monitor power.

3.	Remove cover.

4.	Press retaining clips out.

5.	Push SIMM down and pull out.


Glossary

512KB-640KB mapping

AT bus space

BIOS

Cache BIOS ROM

Cache video ROM

CPU speed

flash memory

HDD data transfer method

PCI device

Primary cache

Recovery diskette

Secondary cache

Shadow 32K at C8000, D0000, and D8000

Shadow video ROM

static electricity

ZIF


CPU Speed

This BIOS Setup option determines the speed used by the computer each time it is turned on or rebooted.

•	Fast—is the normal speed and causes the CPU to run at its rated speed.

•	Slow—(equivalent to 8 MHz) is used to reduce the effective CPU speed to be compatible with some speed-dependent application programs.

If an application program does not run correctly at full speed, try disabling all caches or changing the CPU speed to slow.

	CAUTION Computer performance will be severely degraded while operating in slow mode.


Large Drive Addressing

This BIOS Setup option controls the way in which the computer addresses large-capacity hard disk drives.

This option should be set to standard for IDE hard disk drives up to 528 MB.  When using IDE drives greater than 528 MB and MS-DOS or MS-Windows as the computer's operating system, select LBA convert.  Select standard for all other operating systems.


HDD Data Transfer Method

This BIOS Setup option allows the computer to take advantage of new IDE hard disk drive technologies.   Setting this option to Auto Optimum allows the computer's BIOS to interrogate and automatically set up any installed IDE hard disk drive for optimum performance.


Primary Cache

This BIOS Setup option enables or disables the microprocessor's internal (primary) cache.  Enabling the cache controller significantly improves computer performance by reducing the average number of wait states seen by the microprocessor.

However, in some instances disabling the primary cache may be appropriate; for example, while using time-dependent software.  In this instance, the computer can operate but not at full potential.


Secondary Cache

This BIOS Setup option enables or disables the computer's external (secondary) cache.  Enabling the secondary cache significantly improves computer performance by reducing the average number of wait states seen by the microprocessor.

However, in some instances, disabling the secondary cache might be appropriate; for example, while using time-dependent software.  In this instance, the computer can operate but not at full potential.

Also, this field can be set to either Write-Back or Write-Through mode.

NOTE
If no secondary cache is installed, make sure this option is set to disabled.


Cache BIOS ROM

This BIOS Setup option allows the computer's BIOS to be stored in memory for further use by the primary cache and secondary cache (if installed).  This increases computer performance because BIOS instructions are executed in cache instead of RAM.


Shadow Video ROM

The main logic board reserves an area of DRAM for a copy of video BIOS ROM.  This DRAM called "shadow memory" is write-protected and has the same addresses as the video BIOS ROM locations.  When video BIOS ROM is shadowed, the ROM information is copied into an appropriate area in DRAM.  This increases the computer's performance because the video BIOS instructions are in fast DRAM instead of ROM.


Cache Video ROM

This BIOS Setup option allows the computer to store video BIOS information in cache memory for more efficient use.  Caching the computer's video ROM provides greater performance at the VGA level.  However, when running certain application software, conflicts might occur.


Shadow 32K at C8000, D0000, and D8000

These BIOS Setup options allow the computer to shadow any device BIOS located in the C8000 to DFFFF address space.  Shadowing device BIOS in these areas increases the computer's overall performance.

NOTE
Refer to the device's documentation to determine if this function can be performed.


AT Bus Space

This BIOS Setup option selects a memory hole in upper memory (between 1 MB and 16 MB) to be used by optional network expansion boards or optional software using frame-grab memory.  Selecting an available memory hole range avoids memory address conflicts by mapping the physical memory that has been addressed to the region to the top of main memory.

Refer to the user documentation supplied with the optional network expansion board or optional software to see if a specific memory range is required for proper operation.  Also make sure the operating system can support the memory hole selections prior to enabling this feature.


512KB-640KB Mapping

This BIOS Setup option allows the address space between 80000 (512 KB) and 9FFFF (640 KB) to be mapped to the PCI or ISA bus.  Note that when this option is enabled, the amount of conventional memory under MS-DOS is reduced by 128 KB.


PCI Device

This BIOS Setup option configures the PCI slots on your computer's main logic board when adding PCI expansion boards.

	CAUTION The PCI Device selections for factory installed PCI expansion boards should stay at the factory default settings.  Modifications can cause computer failure.


BIOS

Basic Input/Output System


flash memory

Enables the PHLASH.EXE software to restore or update your computer's BIOS.


PCI local bus

Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Local Bus delivers maximum computer performance by providing a wider data path, greater speed, and improved expandability.


recovery diskette

A recovery diskette should always be prepared before attempting to upgrade the BIOS.  This diskette contains a BIOS image and a program to load the image into flash memory.


static electricity

Static electricity collects on non-conductors such as paper, cloth, or plastic.  A static discharge can cause damage even though you cannot see or feel it.

To prevent damage to circuit boards and/or components:

•	Before touching any circuit board or component, touch the metal frame of your computer to discharge any static electricity.

•	Keep circuit boards and components away from non-conductors.

•	Keep clothing away from circuit boards and components.

•	Keep circuit boards in anti-static bags.


ZIF

Zero Insertion Force.  A ZIF socket enables easy upgrading of the CPU module by adding a higher performance CPU chip.