PDP-11 Paper Tape Software Handbook

Company:Digital Equipment Corporation
Part:DEC-11-XPTSA-B-D
Date:1976-04
Keywords:
Supersedes:

Table of Contents

  • Chapter 1 PAL-11S Assembly Language and Assembler
    • 1.1 Character Set
    • 1.2 Statements
      • 1.2.1 Label
      • 1.2.2 Operator
      • 1.2.3 Operand
      • 1.2.4 Comments
      • 1.2.5 Format Control
    • 1.3 Symbols
      • 1.3.1 Permanent Symbols
      • 1.3.2 User-Defined Symbols
      • 1.3.3 Direct Assignment
      • 1.3.4 Register Symbols
    • 1.4 Expressions
      • 1.4.1 Numbers
      • 1.4.2 Arithmetic and Logical Operators
      • 1.4.3 ASCII Conversion
      • 1.4.4 Mode of Expressions
    • 1.5 Assembly Location Counter
    • 1.6 Relocation and Linking
    • 1.7 Addressing
      • 1.7.1 Register Mode
      • 1.7.2 Deferred Register Mode
      • 1.7.3 Autoincrement Mode
      • 1.7.4 Deferred Autoincrement Mode
      • 1.7.5 Autodecrement Mode
      • 1.7.6 Deferred Autodecrement Mode
      • 1.7.7 Index Mode
      • 1.7.8 Deferred Index Mode
      • 1.7.9 Immediate Mode and Deferred Immediate (Absolute) Mode
      • 1.7.10 Relative and Deferred Relative Modes
      • 1.7.11 Table of Mode Forms and Codes (6-bit (A) format only)
      • 1.7.12 Instruction Forms
    • 1.8 Assembler Directives
      • 1.8.1 .TITLE
      • 1.8.2 .GLOBL
      • 1.8.3 Program Section Directives (.ASECT and .CSECT)
      • 1.8.4 .EOT
      • 1.8.5 .EVEN
      • 1.8.6 .END
      • 1.8.7 .WORD
      • 1.8.8 .BYTE
      • 1.8.9 .ASCII
      • 1.8.10 .RAD50
      • 1.8.11 .LIMIT
      • 1.8.12 Conditional Assembly Directives
    • 1.9 Operating Procedures
      • 1.9.1 Introduction
      • 1.9.2 Loading PAL-11S
      • 1.9.3 Initial Dialogue
      • 1.9.4 Assembly Dialogue
      • 1.9.5 Assembly Listing
      • 1.9.6 Object Module Output
        • 1.9.6.1 Global Symbol Directory
        • 1.9.6.2 Text Block
        • 1.9.6.3 Relocation Directory
    • 1.10 Error Codes
    • 1.11 Software Error Halts
  • Chapter 2 Writing PAL-11A Assembly Language Programs
    • 2.1 Character Set
    • 2.2 Statements
      • 2.2.1 Label
      • 2.2.2 Operator
      • 2.2.3 Operand
      • 2.2.4 Comments
      • 2.2.5 Format Control
    • 2.3 Symbols
      • 2.3.1 Permanent Symbols
      • 2.3.2 User-Defined Symbols
      • 2.3.3 Direct Assignment
      • 2.3.4 Register Symbols
    • 2.4 Expressions
      • 2.4.1 Numbers
      • 2.4.2 Arithmetic and Logical Operators
      • 2.4.3 ASCII Conversion
    • 2.5 Assembly Location Counter
    • 2.6 Addressing
      • 2.6.1 Register Mode
      • 2.6.2 Deferred Register Mode
      • 2.6.3 Autoincrement Mode
      • 2.6.4 Deferred Autoincrement Mode
      • 2.6.5 Autodecrement Mode
      • 2.6.6 Deferred Autodecrement Mode
      • 2.6.7 Index Mode
      • 2.6.8 Deferred Index Mode
      • 2.6.9 Immediate Mode and Deferred Immediate (Absolute) Mode
      • 2.6.10 Relative and Deferred Relative Modes
      • 2.6.11 Table of Mode Forms and Codes (6-bit (A) format only)
    • 2.7 Instruction Forms
    • 2.8 Assembler Directives
      • 2.8.1 .EOT
      • 2.8.2 .EVEN
      • 2.8.3 .END
      • 2.8.4 .WORD
      • 2.8.5 .BYTE
      • 2.8.6 .ASCII
    • 2.9 Operating Procedures
      • 2.9.1 Introduction
      • 2.9.2 Loading PAL-11A
      • 2.9.3 Initial Dialogue
      • 2.9.4 Assembly Dialogue
      • 2.9.5 Assembly Listing
    • 2.10 Error Codes
    • 2.11 Software Error Halts
  • Chapter 3 LINK-11S Linker
    • 3.1 Introduction
      • 3.1.1 General Description
      • 3.1.2 Absolute and Relocatable Program Sections
      • 3.1.3 Global Symbols
    • 3.2 Input and Output
      • 3.2.1 Object Module
      • 3.2.2 Load Modules
      • 3.2.3 Load Map
    • 3.3 Operating Procedures
      • 3.3.1 Loading and Command String
        • 3.3.1.1 Operational Cautions
      • 3.3.2 Error Procedures and Messages
        • 3.3.2.1 Restarting
        • 3.3.2.2 Non-Fatal Errors
        • 3.3.2.3 Fatal Errors
        • 3.3.2.4 Error HALTs
  • Chapter 4 Editing the Source Program
    • 4.1 Command Mode and Text Mode
    • 4.2 Command Delimiters
      • 4.2.1 Arguments
      • 4.2.2 The Character Location Pointer (Dot)
      • 4.2.3 Mark
      • 4.2.4 Line-Oriented Command Properties
      • 4.2.5 The Page Buffer
    • 4.3 Commands
      • 4.3.1 Input and Output Commands
        • 4.3.1.1 Open
        • 4.3.1.2 Read
        • 4.3.1.3 List and Punch
        • 4.3.1.4 Next
        • 4.3.1.5 Form Feed and Trailer
        • 4.3.1.6 Procedure with Low-Speed Punch
      • 4.3.2 Commands to Move Dot and Mark
        • 4.3.2.1 Beginning and End
        • 4.3.2.2 Jump and Advance
        • 4.3.2.3 Mark
      • 4.3.3 Search Commands
        • 4.3.3.1 Get
        • 4.3.3.2 wHole
      • 4.3.4 Commands to Modify the Text
        • 4.3.4.1 Insert
        • 4.3.4.2 Delete and Kill
        • 4.3.4.3 Change and Exchange
    • 4.4 Operating Procedures
      • 4.4.1 Error Corrections
      • 4.4.2 Starting
      • 4.4.3 Restarting
      • 4.4.4 Creating a Paper Tape
      • 4.4.5 Editing Example
    • 4.5 Software Error Halts
  • Chapter 5 Debugging Object Programs On-Line
    • 5.1 Introduction
      • 5.1.1 ODT-11 and ODT-11X
      • 5.1.2 ODT's Command Syntax
    • 5.2 Commands and Functions
      • 5.2.1 Opening, Changing, and Closing Locations
        • 5.2.1.1 The Slash (/)
        • 5.2.1.2 The LINE FEED Key
        • 5.2.1.3 The Up-Arrow (↑)
        • 5.2.1.4 The Back-Arrow (←)
        • 5.2.1.5 Accessing General Registers 0--7
        • 5.2.1.6 Accessing Internal Registers
      • 5.2.2 Breakpoints
        • 5.2.2.1 Setting the Breakpoints (n;B)
        • 5.2.2.2 Locating the Breakpoints ($B)
      • 5.2.3 Running the Program (n;G and n;P)
      • 5.2.4 Searches
        • 5.2.4.1 Word Search (n;W)
        • 5.2.4.2 Effective Address Search (n;E)
      • 5.2.5 Calculating Offsets (n;O)
      • 5.2.6 ODT's Priority Level ($P)
    • 5.3 ODT-11X
      • 5.3.1 Opening, Changing and Closing Locations
        • 5.3.1.1 Open the Addressed Location (@)
        • 5.3.1.2 Relative Branch Offset (>)
        • 5.3.1.3 Return to Previous Sequence (<)
      • 5.3.2 Calculating Offsets (n;O)
      • 5.3.3 Breakpoints
      • 5.3.4 Single-Instruction Mode
    • 5.4 Error Detection
    • 5.5 Programming Considerations
      • 5.5.1 Functional Organization
      • 5.5.2 Breakpoints
      • 5.5.3 Search
      • 5.5.4 Teletype Interrupt
    • 5.6 Operating Procedures
      • 5.6.1 Linking Procedures (LSI-11 Systems Only)
      • 5.6.2 Loading Procedures (non-LSI-11 Systems Only)
      • 5.6.3 Starting and Restarting
  • Chapter 6 Loading and Dumping Memory
    • 6.1 Paper Tape Procedures
      • 6.1.1 BM792-YA Paper Tape Bootstrap ROM
      • 6.1.2 BM873-YA Bootstrap Loader ROM
      • 6.1.3 LSI-11 Firmware Paper Tape Bootstrap
      • 6.1.4 M9301-YB Bootstrap Loader
      • 6.1.5 M9301-YA Bootstrap Loader
      • 6.1.6 Other Bootstrap Loaders
        • 6.1.6.1 Loading the Loader into Core
        • 6.1.6.2 Loading Bootstrap Tapes
        • 6.1.6.3 Bootstrap Loader Operation
    • 6.2 The Absolute Loader
      • 6.2.1 Loading the Loader into Core
      • 6.2.2 Using the Absolute Loader
      • 6.2.3 Absolute Loader Operation
    • 6.3 Core Memory Dumps
      • 6.3.1 Operating Procedures
        • 6.3.1.1 Using DUMPAB on Systems without Switch Registers
        • 6.3.1.2 Using DUMPAB and DUMPTT on Systems with Switch Registers
      • 6.3.2 Output Formats
      • 6.3.3 Storage Maps
  • Chapter 7 Input/Output Programming
    • 7.1 Introduction
      • 7.1.1 Using IOX with the LSI-11 Processor
      • 7.1.2 Using IOX with Unibus PDP-11 Processors
      • 7.1.3 IOX Interrupt and Trap Vectors
    • 7.2 The Device Assignment Table
      • 7.2.1 Reset
      • 7.2.2 Initialization
    • 7.3 Buffer Arrangement in Data Transfer Commands
      • 7.3.1 Buffer Size
      • 7.3.2 Mode Byte
      • 7.3.3 Status Byte
        • 7.3.3.1 Non-Fatal Error Codes (Octal)
        • 7.3.3.2 Done Bit
        • 7.3.3.3 End-Of-Medium Bit
        • 7.3.3.4 End-Of-File Bit
      • 7.3.4 Byte Count
    • 7.4 Modes
      • 7.4.1 Formatted ASCII
      • 7.4.2 Unformatted ASCII
      • 7.4.3 Formatted Binary
      • 7.4.4 Unformatted Binary
    • 7.5 Data Transfers
      • 7.5.1 Read
      • 7.5.2 Write
      • 7.5.3 Device Conflicts In Data Transfer Commands
      • 7.5.4 Waitr (Wait, Return)
      • 7.5.5 Waitr vs. Testing the Buffer Done Bit
      • 7.5.6 Single Buffer Transfer on One Device
      • 7.5.7 Double Buffering
      • 7.5.8 Readr (Real-time Read)
      • 7.5.9 Writr (Real-time Write)
    • 7.6 Reenabling the Reader and Restarting
      • 7.6.1 Seek
      • 7.6.2 Restart
    • 7.7 Fatal Errors
    • 7.8 Example of Program Using IOX
    • 7.9 IOX Internal Information
      • 7.9.1 Conflict Byte/Word
      • 7.9.2 Device Interrupt Table (DIT)
      • 7.9.3 Device Status Table (DST)
      • 7.9.4 Teletype Hardware Tab Facility
      • 7.9.5 Adding Devices to IOX
        • 7.9.5.1 Device Codes
        • 7.9.5.2 Table Modification
        • 7.9.5.3 Interrupt Routines
  • Chapter 8 Floating Point Math Package Overview
  • Chapter 9 Programming Techniques
    • 9.1 Writing Position Independent Code
      • 9.1.1 Position Independent Modes
      • 9.1.2 Absolute Modes
      • 9.1.3 Writing Automatic PIC
      • 9.1.4 Writing Non-Automatic PIC
        • 9.1.4.1 Setting Up the Stack Pointer
        • 9.1.4.2 Setting Up a Trap or Interrupt Vector
        • 9.1.4.3 Relocating Pointers
    • 9.2 Loading Unused Trap Vectors
    • 9.3 Coding Techniques
      • 9.3.1 Altering Register Contents
      • 9.3.2 Subroutines
  • Appendix A ASCII Character Set
  • Appendix B PAL-11S Assembly Language and Assembler
    • B.1 Terminators
    • B.2 Address Mode Syntax
    • B.3 Instructions
      • B.3.1 Double Operand Instructions
      • B.3.2 Single Operand Instructions
      • B.3.3 Rotate/Shift
      • B.3.4 Operation Instructions
      • B.3.5 Branch Instructions
      • B.3.6 Subroutine Call
      • B.3.7 Subroutine Return
      • B.3.8 Extensions for the LSI-11 Version of PAL-11S
    • B.4 Assembler Directives
    • B.5 Error Codes
    • B.6 Initial Operating Procedures
  • Appendix C PAL-11A Assembly Language and Assembler
    • C.1 Special Characters
    • C.2 Address Mode Syntax
    • C.3 Instructions
      • C.3.1 Double-Operand Instructions
      • C.3.2 Single-Operand Instructions
      • C.3.3 Rotate/Shift Instructions
      • C.3.4 Operate Instructions
      • C.3.5 Trap Instructions
      • C.3.6 Branch Instructions
      • C.3.7 Subroutine Call
      • C.3.8 Subroutine Return
    • C.4 Assembler Directives
    • C.5 Error Codes
    • C.6 Initial Operating Procedures
  • Appendix D Text Editor, ED-11
    • D.1 Input/Output Commands
    • D.2 Pointer-Positioning Commands
    • D.3 Search Commands
    • D.4 Commands to Modify the Text
    • D.5 Symbols
    • D.6 Grouping of Commands
    • D.7 Operating Procedures
      • D.7.1 Loading
      • D.7.2 Storage Requirements
      • D.7.3 Starting
      • D.7.4 Initial Dialogue
      • D.7.5 Restarting
  • Appendix E Debugging Object Programs On-Line, ODT-11 and ODT-11X
    • E.1 Summary of Contents
  • Appendix F Loading and Dumping Core Memory
    • F.1 The Bootstrap Loader
      • F.1.1 Loading the Bootstrap Loader
    • F.2 The Absolute Loader
    • F.3 Core Memory Dumps
  • Appendix G Input/Output Programming, IOX
    • G.1 Instruction Summary
    • G.2 Program Flow Summary
    • G.3 Fatal Errors
  • Appendix H Summary of Floating Point Math Package, FPMP-11
    • H.1 OTS Routines
    • H.2 Non-OTS Routines
    • H.3 Routines Accessed Via Trap Handler
  • Appendix I Tape Duplication
  • Appendix J Assembly and Linking Instructions
    • J.1 Systems Without Switch Registers
      • J.1.1 IOX/IOXLPT
        • J.1.1.1 Assembling IOX
        • J.1.1.2 Assembling IOXLPT
        • J.1.1.3 Linking IOX and IOXLPT
      • J.1.2 ODT11X
        • J.1.2.1 Assembling ODT11X
        • J.1.2.2 Linking ODT11X
      • J.1.3 ED-11
        • J.1.3.1 Assembling ED-11
        • J.1.3.2 Linking ED-11
      • J.1.4 PAL-11S
        • J.1.4.1 Assembling PAL-11S
        • J.1.4.2 Linking PAL-11S
      • J.1.5 LINK-11S
        • J.1.5.1 Assembling LINK-11S
        • J.1.5.2 Linking LINK-11S
    • J.2 Systems With Switch Registers
      • J.2.1 Assembling PAL-11A
      • J.2.2 Assembling ED-11
      • J.2.3 ODT-11/ODT-11X
      • J.2.4 Assembling IOX/IOXLPT
      • J.2.5 Assembling and Linking PAL-11S
      • J.2.6 Assembling and Linking LINK-11S
  • Appendix K Standard PDP-11 Abbreviations
  • Appendix L Conversion Tables
    • L.1 Octal-Decimal Integer Conversions
    • L.2 Powers of Two
    • L.3 Scales of Notation
      • L.3.1 2^x in Decimal
      • L.3.2 10^±n in Octal
      • L.3.3 n Log 2 and 10 In Decimal
      • L.3.4 Addition and Multiplication, Binary and Octal
      • L.3.5 Mathematical Constants In Octal
  • Appendix M Note to Users of Serial LA30 and 600, 1200, and 2400 Baud VT05s
  • Appendix N Using the Absolute Loader on PDP-11s Without Switch Registers
    • N.1 LSI-11
    • N.2 M9301-YB Bootstrap Loader
    • N.3 M9301-YA Bootstrap Loader

Copies

Address: http://vt100.net/dec/dec-11-xptsa-b-d.pdf
Site: Paul Williams' VT100.net
Format: PDF
Size: 11419724 bytes (10.9 MiB)
MD5: d4e67f40236f42554a9bd71f7865799a
Mirrors: