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PDP-11 MACRO-11 Language Reference Manual
Company:
Digital Equipment Corporation
Part:
AA-5075A-TC
Date:
1977-08
Keywords:
RSTS/E V6C
Supersedes:
DEC-11-OIMRA-B-D,
IAS/RSX-11 MACRO-11 Reference Manual
Superseded by:
AA-5075B-TC,
PDP-11 MACRO-11 Language Reference Manual
Table of Contents
Preface
0.1
Manual Objectives and Reader Assumptions
0.2
Structure of the Document
0.3
Associated Documents
0.4
Document Conventions
Part I
Introduction to MACRO-11
Chapter 1
MACRO-11 Features
1.1
Overview of MACRO-11
1.1.1
Assembly Pass 1
1.1.2
Assembly Pass 2
Chapter 2
Source Program Format
2.1
Programming Standards and Conventions
2.2
Statement Format
2.2.1
Label Field
2.2.2
Operator Field
2.2.3
Operand Field
2.2.4
Comment Field
2.3
Format Control
Part II
Programming in MACRO-11 Assembly Language
Chapter 3
Symbols and Expressions
3.1
Character Set
3.1.1
Separating and Delimiting Characters
3.1.2
Illegal Characters
3.1.3
Unary and Binary Operators
3.2
MACRO-11 Symbols
3.2.1
Permanent Symbols
3.2.2
User-Defined and Macro Symbols
3.3
Direct Assignment Statements
3.4
Register Symbols
3.5
Local Symbols
3.6
Current Location Counter
3.7
Numbers
3.8
Terms
3.9
Expressions
Chapter 4
Relocation and Linking
Chapter 5
Addressing Modes
5.1
Register Mode
5.2
Register Deferred Mode
5.3
Autoincrement Mode
5.4
Autoincrement Deferred Mode
5.5
Autodecrement Mode
5.6
Autodecrement Deferred Mode
5.7
Index Mode
5.8
Index Deferred Mode
5.9
Immediate Mode
5.10
Absolute Mode
5.11
Relative Mode
5.12
Relative Deferred Mode
5.13
Summary of Addressing Forms
5.14
Branch Instruction Addressing
5.15
Using Trap Instructions
Part III
MACRO-11 Directives
Chapter 6
General Assembler Directives
6.1
Listing Control Directives
6.1.1
.LIST and .NLST Directives
6.1.2
Page Headings
6.1.3
.TITLE Directive
6.1.4
.SBTTL Directive
6.1.5
.IDENT Directive
6.1.6
.PAGE Directive/Page Ejection
6.2
Function Directives: .ENABL and .DSABL
6.3
Data Storage Directives
6.3.1
.BYTE Directive
6.3.2
.WORD Directive
6.3.3
ASCII Conversion Characters
6.3.4
.ASCII Directive
6.3.5
.ASCIZ Directive
6.3.6
.RAD50 Directive
6.3.7
Temporary Radix-50 Control Operator: ^R
6.4
Radix and Numeric Control Facilities
6.4.1
Radix Control and Unary Control Operators
6.4.1.1
.RADIX Directive
6.4.1.2
Temporary Radix Control Operators: ^D, ^O, and ^B
6.4.2
Numeric Directives and Unary Control Operators
6.4.2.1
.FLT2 and .FLT4 - Floating-Point Storage Directives
6.4.2.2
Temporary Numeric Control Operators: ^C and ^F
6.5
Location Counter Control Directives
6.5.1
.EVEN Directive
6.5.2
.ODD Directive
6.5.3
.BLKB and .BLKW Directives
6.6
Terminating Directives
6.6.1
.END Directive
6.6.2
.EOT Directive
6.7
Program Boundaries Directive: .LIMIT
6.8
Program Sectioning Directives
6.8.1
.PSECT Directive
6.8.1.1
Creating Program Sections
6.8.1.2
Code or Data Sharing
6.8.1.3
Memory Allocation Considerations
6.8.2
.ASECT and .CSECT Directives
6.9
Symbol Control Directive: .GLOBL
6.10
Conditional Assembly Directives
6.10.1
Conditional Assembly Block Directives: .IF, .ENDC
6.10.2
Subconditional Assembly Block Directives: .IFF, .IFT, .IFTF
6.10.3
Immediate Conditional Assembly Directive: .IIF
6.10.4
PAL-11R Conditional Assembly Directives
Chapter 7
Macro Directives
7.1
Defining Macros
7.1.1
.MACRO Directive
7.1.2
.ENDM Directive
7.1.3
.MEXIT Directive
7.1.4
Macro Definition Formatting
7.2
Calling Macros
7.3
Arguments in Macro Definitions and Macro Calls
7.3.1
Macro Nesting
7.3.2
Special Characters in Macro Arguments
7.3.3
Passing Numeric Arguments as Symbols
7.3.4
Number of Arguments in Macro Calls
7.3.5
Creating Local Symbols Automatically
7.3.6
Keyword Arguments
7.3.7
Concatenation of Macro Arguments
7.4
Macro Attribute Directives: .NARG, .NCHR, and .NTYPE
7.4.1
.NARG Directive
7.4.2
.NCHR Directive
7.4.3
.NTYPE Directive
7.5
.ERROR and .PRINT Directives
7.6
Indefinite Repeat Block Directives: .IRP and .IRPC
7.6.1
.IRP Directive
7.6.2
.IRPC Directive
7.7
Repeat Block Directive: .REPT, .ENDR
7.8
Macro Library Directive: .MCALL
Appendix A
MACRO-11 Character Sets
A.1
ASCII Character Set
A.2
Radix-50 Character Set
Appendix B
MACRO-11 Assembly Language and Assembler Directives
B.1
Special Characters
B.2
Summary of Address Mode Syntax
B.3
Assembler Directives
Appendix C
Permanent Symbol Table (PST)
C.1
Op Codes
C.2
MACRO-11 Directives
Appendix D
Diagnostic Error Message Summary
D.1
MACRO-11 Error Codes
Appendix E
Sample Coding Standard
E.1
Introduction
E.2
Line Format
E.3
Comments
E.4
Naming Standards
E.4.1
Register Standards
E.4.1.1
General Purpose Registers
E.4.1.2
Hardware Registers
E.4.1.3
Device Registers
E.4.2
Processor Priority
E.4.3
Other Symbols
E.4.4
Using the Standard Symbolics
E.4.5
Symbols
E.4.5.1
Global Symbols
E.4.5.2
Symbol Examples
E.4.5.3
Program-Local Symbols
E.4.5.4
Macro Names
E.5
Program Modules
E.5.1
General Comments on Programs
E.5.2
The Module Preface
E.5.3
Formatting the Module Preface
E.5.4
Modularity
E.5.4.1
Calling Conventions (Inter-Module)
E.5.4.2
Exiting
E.5.4.3
Intra-Module Calling Conventions
E.5.4.4
Success/Failure Indication
E.5.4.5
Module Checking Routines
E.6
Formatting Standards
E.6.1
Program Flow
E.6.2
Common Exits
E.6.3
Code with Interrupts Inhibited
E.7
Program Source Files
E.8
Forbidden Instruction Usage
E.9
Recommended Coding Practice
E.9.1
Conditional Branches
E.10
PDP-11 Version Number Standard
E.10.1
Displaying the Version Identifier
E.10.2
Use of the Version Number in the Program
Appendix F
Allocating Virtual Memory
F.1
General Hints and Space-Saving Guidelines
F.2
Macro Definitions and Expansions
F.3
Operational Techniques
Appendix G
Writing Position Independent Code
G.1
Introduction to Position Independent Code
G.2
Examples
Appendix H
Sample Assembly and Cross Reference Listing
Copies
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